GRE阅读练习：遗传基因影响政治倾向和看法.docxVIP

Word文档下载后（可任意编辑） 第 第 PAGE 1 页 共 NUMPAGES 1 页 GRE阅读练习：遗传基因影响政治倾向和看法 GRE阅读训练：GRE阅读练习：遗传基因影响政治倾向和看法 GRE考试精品课程指导  IN 1882 W.S. Gilbert wrote, to a tune by Sir Arthur Sullivan, a ditty that went I often think its comical how Nature always does contrive/that every boy and every gal thats born into the world alive/is either a little Liberal or else a little Conservative.  在1882年，W.S吉尔伯特写的一首小诗-是为阿瑟-沙利文爵士的一首曲子而作，我一直认为，大自然的精工雕作是那么可笑/每个出生到这个世界上，并存活下来的男孩和女孩们/不是有一点自由倾向，就是有一点保守。  In the 19th century, that view, though humorously intended, would not have been out of place among respectable thinkers.  在十九世纪，这个观点虽然有一点幽默的意味，但是在那些备受尊敬的思想家眼中，也并不是一无是处。  The detail of a mans opinion might be changed by circumstances.  一个人意见的详细观点可能会由于环境而改变。  But the idea that much of his character was ingrained at birth held no terrors.  但是，这种与生俱来的，由他的性格决定的观念也没什么恐怖的。  It is not, however, a view that cut much ice in 20th-century social-scientific thinking, particularly after the second world war.  然而，它在二十世纪的社会科学思想中没有占到一席之地，特别是二战之后。  Those who allowed that it might have some value were generally shouted down and sometimes abused, along with all others vehemently suspected of the heresy of believing that genetic differences between individuals could have a role in shaping their behavioural differences.  那些认为它有一些价值的人们发出的呐喊，通常会被持不同观点人们的声音所掩盖，有时还会遭到辱骂，和那些对当时的异端邪说即个体之间的遗传差异在塑造他们各自不同的行为上起了一定的作用有些猜测的人们一样受到不公平对待。  Such thinking, a product compounded of Marxism and a principled rejection of the eugenics that had led, via Americas sterilisation programmes for the feeble minded, to the Nazi extermination camps, made life hard for those who wished to ask whether genes really do affect behaviour.  这样的想法，与马克思主义融合后的产物，加上美国借口弱智而产生的绝育计划，这种优生学的原则性排斥反应直接导致了纳粹集中营的大屠杀，让那些想知道基因是不是对行为真的有影响的人们更加难以生存了。  Now, however, the pendulum is swinging back.  然而，现在，这个一直在变化的问题又摆到了人们面前。  In the matter of both political outlook and political participation it is co