托福阅读模拟版练习题1.docxVIP

Word文档下载后（可任意编辑） 第 第 PAGE 1 页 共 NUMPAGES 1 页 托福阅读模拟版练习题1 托福阅读模拟题：托福阅读模拟版练习题1 托福考试精品课程辅导  题目：16世纪的英国经济  In the last half of the sixteenth century England emerged as a commercial and manufacturing power in Europe due to a combination of demographic, agricultural and industrial factors. The population of England and Wales grew rapidly from about 2.5 million in the 1520s to more than 3.5 million in 1580, reaching about 4.5 million in 1610. Reduced mortality rates and increased fertility, the latter probably generated by expanding work opportunities in manufacturing and farming (leading to earlier marriage and more children), explained this rapid population. While epidemics rise in plague and occasionally took their toll, the people in England still suffered less than did those in continental Europe. Furthermore, the country had been pulled out of the war that occurred in France and central Europe during the same period.  在十六世纪的后半期，由于人口因素，农业和工业因素的综合作用，英国成为欧洲的商业和制造业强国。 英格兰和威尔士的人口从1520年的约250万增长到1580年的350多万，在1610年达到约450万。降低死亡率和提高生育率，后者可能是通过扩大制造业和农业工作机会导致早婚和更多的孩子)，解释了人口的迅速增长。虽然瘟疫引起疫情上升，偶尔也会造成伤害，但英国人民受到的伤害仍然比欧洲大陆人民更少。此外，英国在同一时期已经从法国和中欧发生的战争中退出。  England provides the prominent example of the expansion of agricultural production well before the general European agricultural revolution of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. A larger population stimulated the increased woollen through crop civilization. English agriculture became more efficient and market-oriented than almost anywhere else the continent.Between 1450 and 1640 the yield of grain per acre increased by the least thirty percent. In sharp contrast with farming in Spain, English land owners brought more dense marshes and woodlands into cultivation.  英格兰在十八世纪和十九世纪的欧洲农业革命之前就提供了农业生产扩张的突出例子。更多的人口通过农业文明促进了羊毛的产量。英国农业比大陆其他地区更加高效和以市场为导向。  1450年至1640年间，每英亩谷物产量增加了至少30%。与西班牙的农业形成鲜明对比的是，英国的土地所有者将种植带到了更密集的沼泽和林地。  The great land estates of the English society largely remained intact and