托福考试阅读模拟题训练题：美国19世纪政治.docxVIP

Word文档下载后（可任意编辑） 第 第 PAGE 1 页 共 NUMPAGES 1 页 托福考试阅读模拟题训练题：美国19世纪政治 想要在考试中获得一个良好的成绩，那么阅读是必不可少的，阅读是我们提分的重要部分，也是比较容易的部分，今天就给大家整理了这篇阅读素材，在托福考试还有很多相关的内容和考试资讯，现在我们先来看一下这篇文章吧！ NINETEENTH-CENTURY POLITICS IN THE UNITED STATES (OG)  The development of the modern presidency in the United States began with Andrew Jackson who swept to power in 1829 at the head of the Democratic Party and served until 1837. During his administration, he immeasurably enlarged the power of the presidency. The President is the direct representative of the American people, he lectured the  Senate when it opposed him. He was elected by the people, and is responsible to them. With this declaration, Jackson redefined the character of the presidential office and its relationship to the people.  During Jacksons second term, his opponents had gradually come together to form the Whig party. Whigs and Democrats held different attitudes toward the changes brought about by the market, banks, and commerce. The  Democrats tended to view society as a continuing conflict between the people”-farmers, planters, and workers-and a set of greedy aristocrats. This paper money aristocracy of bankers and investors manipulated the banking system for their own profit,Democrats claimed, and sapped the nations virtue by encouraging speculation and the desire for sudden, unearned wealth. The Democrats wanted the rewards of the market without sacrificing the features of a simple agrarian republic. They wanted the wealth that the market offered without the competitive, changing society; the complex dealing; the dominance of urban centers; and the loss of independence that came with it.  Whigs, on the other hand, were more comfortable with the market. For them, commerce and economic  development were agents of civilization. Nor did the Whigs envision any conflict in society between farmers and  workers on the one hand and businesspeople and bankers on the other. Economic growth would ben