Whatisx27sexistx27language何谓“男性化”语言？.pdfVIP

What is sexist language? 何谓 “男性化 ”语言？ [2004-11-15] These days it is more fashionable to use the word police officer rather than the word policeman bec ause some police officers are women. And a few years ago, flight attendants were known as air hoste sses. Not any more. Adding the -ess to a noun to mark someone out as female is considered sexist. F or example, the word actress is still sometimes used, but most women prefer to be called actors. Al so, if the top manager of a company is a woman, she may prefer to be called the Chair, or Chairperso n, rather than the Chairman. (I also recall a time when a female manager was referred to as a manag eress.) Policeman, actress, air hostess, chairman, etc, are all examples of what some people call sexist la nguage. They believe that to differentiate on the basis of gender (sex) is to treat people unequally. Le t me give you some other examples: man made, mankind, the common man. These expressions ap pear to exclude women from what they describe, so some people find them offensive. 译文： 近期更加时兴用 “police officer （警官）”而不是 “policeman（男警察），”因为一些警官是女性。同 样，几年前空中乘务员就等同于 “air hostesses （空姐），”诸如此类。 为突出表示是女性而在名词 后面加 “-ess”即为 “男性化 ”语言。比如 “actress（女演员）”这个字就时常使用，而大多数女性宁 愿被称为 “actors（演员）”。同样，如果一家公司的最高管理人员是女性的话，她会更加愿意被 唤作 “Chair or Chairperson （董事长），”而不是 “Chairman（男性董事长）”。（笔者也记得曾经有一 度女性经理人被称为 “manageress（女经理）”。 “Policeman（男警察）”, “actress（女演员）”, “ hostessair （空姐）”,“chairman（男主席）”等等都是 一些人称之为 男性化“ ”语言的实例。 他们认为以性别作为区分的根本对人来讲是不公平的。 来 看看其它例子： “man made （“男 ”人造），” “mankind（“男 ”人类），” “the common man （普通 “男 ”人），” 这些表达方式似乎把女性排除在外了，因此一些人觉得这样是很气人的。