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中考英语被动语态
一、被动语态概念:
英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。当主语为动作的执行者时, 谓语的形式为主动语态; 当主语为动作的承受者时, 谓语要用被动语态。
e.g. Many people speak English.
(主动语态, 句子的主语many people是动作speak的执行者)
English is spoken by many people.
(被动语态, 句子的主语English是动作speak的承受者)
二、被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比:
时态
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
am / is / are + P.P.
(1)Do they speak French ?
(2)They don’t use the room .
Is French spoken by them?
The room isn’t used by them .
一般过去时
was / were + p.p.
(1)The hunter killed a tiger .
(2)He wrote many stories last year .
A tiger was killed by the hunter.
Many stories was written by him last year .
现在进行时
am / is / are +being +p.p.
(1)These workers are building a new bridge .
(2)He is mending his car .
A new bridge is being built by these workers.
His car is being mended by him .
过去进行时
was / were + being + p.p.
(1)He was selling books .
(2)They were discussing the plan at that time .
Books were being built by him.
The plan was being discussed by them at that time .
现在完成时
have / has + been + p. p.
(1)She has learned many English words .
(2)He has finished the work .
Many English words have been learned by her.
The work has been finished by him.
过去完成时
had + been + p.p.
(1)They has solved the problem .
(2)We had told him the news by then .
The problem had been solved by them.
The news had been told to him by us .
一般将来时
shall / will be + p.p.
(1)I shall make a plan .
(2)They are going to fix the radio in an hour .
A plan will be made by m .
The radio is going to be fixed by them in an hour.
过去将来时
would be + p.p.
was/ were going to be + p.p.
(1)He told me they would paint the room .
(2)They were going to put on a play the next week .
He told me the room would be painted by them.
A play was going to be put by them the next week .
情态动词
can / may / must / should
+ be + p.p.
(1)We should hand in our homework .
(2)You must answer the question in English .
Our homework should be handed in by us.
The
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