初中英语知识点：被动语态.docxVIP

中考英语被动语态 一、被动语态概念： 英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。当主语为动作的执行者时, 谓语的形式为主动语态; 当主语为动作的承受者时, 谓语要用被动语态。 e.g. Many people speak English. （主动语态, 句子的主语many people是动作speak的执行者） English is spoken by many people. （被动语态, 句子的主语English是动作speak的承受者） 二、被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。 各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比： 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 am / is / are + P.P. （1）Do they speak French ? （2）They don’t use the room . Is French spoken by them? The room isn’t used by them . 一般过去时 was / were + p.p. （1）The hunter killed a tiger . （2）He wrote many stories last year . A tiger was killed by the hunter. Many stories was written by him last year . 现在进行时 am / is / are +being +p.p. （1）These workers are building a new bridge . （2）He is mending his car . A new bridge is being built by these workers. His car is being mended by him . 过去进行时 was / were + being + p.p. （1）He was selling books . （2）They were discussing the plan at that time . Books were being built by him. The plan was being discussed by them at that time . 现在完成时 have / has + been + p. p. （1）She has learned many English words . （2）He has finished the work . Many English words have been learned by her. The work has been finished by him. 过去完成时 had + been + p.p. （1）They has solved the problem . （2）We had told him the news by then . The problem had been solved by them. The news had been told to him by us . 一般将来时 shall / will be + p.p. （1）I shall make a plan . （2）They are going to fix the radio in an hour . A plan will be made by m . The radio is going to be fixed by them in an hour. 过去将来时 would be + p.p. was/ were going to be + p.p. （1）He told me they would paint the room . （2）They were going to put on a play the next week . He told me the room would be painted by them. A play was going to be put by them the next week . 情态动词 can / may / must / should + be + p.p. （1）We should hand in our homework . （2）You must answer the question in English . Our homework should be handed in by us. The