基本英语语法大全.ppt

Revision of Basic English 基本英语复习;各时态中的 “四大基本句型”  ;什么是四大基本句型1 主动句型：主语+谓语（动词或动词短语） I study. We listen to the music. She takes care of her baby. ;2 被动句型：主语+谓语（Be的过去分词） 由“be+动词的过去分词“构成。汉语一般用“被，由，受到，得到+动词”的结构来表达。 1 The car is repaired. 2 The report will be written. 3 The work is done. ;系表句型：主语+谓语（系表结构）由“联系动词+表语”构成。用于介绍人或事物各种静态情况，如身份，特征，品质和位置等。 1 We are students. 2 I am happy. 3 They are at home.;存在句型：谓语（there be）+主语 由There be构成。是一种主谓倒装句，即谓语在前，主语在后。 1 There are some books on the desk. 2 There is a meeting today. ;什么是英语“十二句型” “十二句型”是在四大基本句型上进一步细分而成。主动句型和被动句型均可按其附带的其他成分各自进一步分成四种句型。系表句型和存在句型则各自分成两种句型。“十二句型”构成了完整的英语句型体系。;一、“主动句型”系列 细分成：主加动，主动宾，主动宾补和主动双宾四个句型。 （一）主加动句型。特点：动词做谓语。 1The students read. 2They do not speak. 3I have left.(助动词和动词一起做谓语。;（二）主动宾句型 谓语动词可以是及物动词或不及物动词。 1“及物动词”带宾语： He studies English. We cleaned the house. They are doing homework. ;“不及物动词”带宾语（借助一个固定搭配的介词。 He has listened to the music. I won’t wait for you. He looked at the car. 3.短语动词带宾语（其本身相当于一个动词） We look forward to the Olympics. I must make up for the loss. We will make use of the waste. ;（三）主动宾补句型。用于表达“主语使宾语如何”，或“主语感觉到宾语如何”。谓语动词有两种：一种是“使” “让”意思的动词。一种是“看见”“听见”的感官动词。 You make me happy. My boss asked me to write a report. I heard them quarreling. ;常见的含“使”“让”意思的动词包括： Make let have ask want get advise persuade invite allow expect tell urge order tempt train cause consider press force keep prove prompt; （四）主动双宾语句型。用于表达一个给另一个人某样东西。动词一般含有“给”的意思。给出的物是直接宾语，给向的人是间接宾语。 I gave him a book. My friends lent me some money. We will teach the enemy a lesson.; 常用的含有的“给”的动词包括： Give send bring lend show teach buy offer find save等。 Her husband bought her a new dress. The boss showed us his collection;被动句系列;（二）被动主补句型;“BY+逻辑主语”是一个介宾短语。此介词短语的位置可以被提前到谓语和主语补足语之间。 I am advised by my teacher to learn English. He was asked by his mother to wash his clothes. ;(三)被动直宾句型：主+BE+过去分词+逻辑直宾。 是在主动双宾句型的基础上，把间接宾语提前到句首做主语。 He gave me a book. I was given a book by him. My friend