定语从句讲义及练习 - 高考英语复习.docVIP

第 第 PAGE 1 页 共 NUMPAGES 3 页 定语从句讲义及练习 一、定语从句的分类 限制性定语从句：从句不可少，没有它，先行词的意思不明确，主句也不完整。与先行词之间不用逗号。 Mary is a girl who has long hair. 非限制性定语从句：是对先行词的补充说明或描绘作用，没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。 从句一般用逗号同主句分开。 George, who is my classmate, has won a scholarship. 二、定语从句中主谓一致的问题 当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致(我们要知道，关系代词所代指的就是先行词，这里有一个等量关系)。 当先行词是 one of + 复数名词，定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式 The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitor every year. 当先行词是 the only + one of +复数名词，从句谓语用单数形式 The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon. ③ 先行词如果是整个句子，定语从句的谓语动词用单数 Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all. He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. 三、as, which 引导非限定性定语从句的差别 关系代词as和which都可用来引导非限制性定语从句，都可用来指代主句或主句中的名词或短语，一般可互换，但用法有以下区别： = 1 \* GB3 ① as 引导的定语从句可置于句首、句中、句末，而which不可。 As we all know, he never smokes. = 2 \* GB3 ②在从句中作主语时，which既可作连系动词be的主语，也可作实义动词的主语；而as只可作连系动词be的主语。 He married her，which/as was natural.他和她结婚了，这是很自然的事。 He saw the girl, which delighted him.他见到那个女孩，这使他很高兴。 = 3 \* GB3 ③非限定性定语从句中出现expect, think, suppose 等表示猜测、想象、预料等时。 She succeeded in her doing the research work, as we expected. = 4 \* GB3 ④as 的用法 the same… as; such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。 I should like to use the same tool as is used here. We should have such a dictionary as he is using. 四、way和time后接定语从句的用法。 = 1 \* GB3 ①当先行词是way(方式、方法)时， 如果先行词way后面的定语从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语，则引导词用that/which/不填。 The way that/ which/ 不填 he explained to us was quite simple. 他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。 如果先行词way后面的定语从句缺少（方式）状语，则引导词用that/in which/不填。 The way that/ in which/ 不填 he explained the sentences to us was not difficult to understand. 他向我们解释句子的那种方法不难理解。 = 2 \* GB3 ②当先行词是time时（时期、次数）时， 如果time表示“次数”，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略。 It is the first time（次数） that Mr. Smith has visited China. 这是史密斯先生第一次到中国游览。 如果time表示“时期，一段时间”，应用关系副词when或at/during + which引导定语从句。 There was a time（时期） when/during which there were no radios, no telepho