语言学 单词是什么.ppt

What is word? Word is a unit of expression that native speakers may recognize by intuition, whether it is expressed in spoken or writing form. Three sense of “word” (1) A physically definable unit Word may be seen as a set of sound segments or writing letters between two pauses or blanks (2) Word both as a general term and as a specific term. Word may be used both as a general term (3) A grammatical unit the grammar of a language contains a set of players ,and word is one of them ,as displayed in the following figure . A word ,in sense ,is then a grammatical unit ,just like morpheme or clase complex Classification of Word Variable and invariable words As for variable words, they may have inflective changes. That is, the same word may have different grammatical forms but part of the word remains relatively constant. For example work works working worked ☆ change the verbal ending’s form hat hats ☆ the plurality of the noun True or false Are they variable words? 1. Box ( ) 2. Slow ( ) Inflectional affixes serve to express such meanings as plurality, tense, and the comparative or superlative degree. Inflectional affixes are the plural marker, spelt s in chair; es in tomatoes; en in oxen; the genitive (所有格) cast, ’s; the verbal endings, s for the third person singular present tense, ing for the present participle, (e)d for the past tense and past participle. Other inflectional affixes are the –er for the comparative and the –est for the superlative degree. True or false Is it correct? hand, handful, handy, handily, handbag, all of them have the same root, so they are variable words. ( ) Inflectional affixes have only their particular grammatical meaning. It does not form a new word with new lexical meaning when it is added to another word. Nor does it change the word class of the word to which it is affix