语言学 词的构成.ppt

Adjective compounds man + eating → maneating （吃人的） (N + V-ing) heart + felt → heartfelt （衷心的） (N + V-ed) duty + free → dutyfree （免税的） (N + adj.) Preposition compounds in + to → into (P+P) through + out → throughout (P+P) Compounds can be further divided into two kinds: the endocentric compound (向心复合词) the exocentric compound(离心复合词) Endocentric: the head of a nominal or adjectival compound is de-verbal; that is ,it is derived from a verb. Consequently, it is also called a verbal compound or a synthetic compound. Usually, the first member is a participant of the process verb . Here are some examples: Nouns adjective self-control eye-entertaining pain-killer bullet-resistant core-meaning virus-sensitive foot-warmer machine washable 一个名词性或形容词性向心复合词的中心成分是从动词派生出来的，因此也被称作动词性复合词或合成复合词，第一个成分通常是过程动词的参与者。 Note : one element of the nominal endocentric compounds serves as the head, the relationship of “a kind of”; for example, self-control(自制): a kind of control armchair（扶手椅）: a kind of chair Exocentric The exocentric nominal compounds are formed by V + N, V + A, and V + P. The exocentric adjectives comes from V + N and V + A. Note : there is no head, so it is not a relationship of “a kind of something”, for example, scarecrow（稻草人）: not a kind of crow breakneck（很危险的）: not a kind of neck For example: Nouns adjectives scarecrow (V+N) takehome (V+N) get-together (V+A) lackluster (V+N) breakthrough (V+P) come-hither (V+A) Ways of writing a compound: 1.Compounds can be written as a single word: wardrobe, bodyguard, seashore. 2.They can also be joined with a hyphen: wedding-ring, traffic-light, simple-minded. 3.Some can be written with ordinary spaces between the two parts: washing machine, traffi