条约保留问题研究.doc

PAGE PAGE 16 条约保留问题研究 摘要：在这个不断快速发展的社会里，各国之间在经济、政治、文化方面不断交融，变化，发展。各国的关系也是复杂多变的。随着不断交流发展，国与国之间条约的签订也就不断增多。条约作为国际法的渊源之一，在国际法中占有重要的作用。在条约数量的增长过程中，条约缔结的主体的变化也是非常大的。在一开始之前，条约只发生在国家和国家之间。现如今，还发生在国家和国际组织之间。条约的内容也和以前不同，内容更丰富，更多元。这使得条约问题的研究变得更加的复杂多样。在此基础上，条约保留问题的争论也随之而来。各国间对此有不同的实践。故而，研究当代国家有关条约问题的实践刻不容缓，这能够为问题的解决提供一定的建议和方向。为国际法院或法庭裁决此类问题，提供一定的指导。由此可见，对于研究条约保留问题，对国家间更好的交往具有重大的意义。 关键词：概念;发展;各国的实践;中国的实践 Research on the problem of reservations to treaties Abstract: In the rapid development of society, economy, politics among countries, culture constantly, change, development. The relationship is also complex. With the continuous development of exchanges, the treaty signed between countries are increasing.The treaty as one of the sources of international law, plays an important role in international law. The growth in the number of changes in the process of the treaty, the main treaty is very large. In the beginning, only occurred in the treaty between country and country. Nowadays, also occur between States and international organizations. The contents of the treaty is different from before, content is richer, more. This makes the study on treaties become more complex and diverse. On the basis of reservations to treaties, the debate will follow. There are different practice between countries. Therefore, the practice of contemporary country brook no delay on the treaty, which can provide some suggestions and directions for the solution of the problem. As the international court or tribunal ruling such problems, provide some guidance. Therefore, research on treaty reservation, is of great importance to exchanges between countries better. Keywords: concept;develop;the practices of States;China practice 一、条约保留制度的演变历史和发展 条约保留制度是国际法上一项特殊的制度，从其在历史上第一次出现以来，到如今一直在不断演变和发展。其演变过程大致分为四个阶段：1.在1928年之前有关的条约保留。罗文汉姆作为瑞典暨挪威的全权代表，在1815年，在签署《维也纳公会最后文件》之时，提出了一项正式声明,声称瑞典政府将不会接受有关卢卡地区主权和承认斐迪南四世为西西里国王的第101、102?和104 条。(2003，石磊）这就是第一个对多边条约提出的保留。然而在19世纪时各国的交往并不密切，故而签订的条约也并不多，保留的提出就先少发生了。自从1899年和1907年的2