传感器与检测技术双语.docx

Chapter 1 between the meaning of sensor and that of transducer. A transducer is a device that converts a signal from one physical form to a corresponding signal having a different physical form A sensor is a device that converts a signal to an electric output. Sensor transducer： sometimes are synonymous terms. However, sensor suggests the extension of our capacity to acquire information about physical quantities not perceived by human senses because of their subliminal nature or minuteness. Transducer implies that input and output quantities are not the same. A sensor may not be a transducer. characteristics of sensors: Range, Accuracy, Repeatability, Precise, Sensitivity, Resolution, Threshold, Linearity, Hysteresis. Accuracy （精确度） : Accuracy is the quality that characterizes the capacity of a measuring instrument for giving results close to the true value of the measured quantity Repeatability （重复性） : The repeatability is the closenessof agreement between successiveresults obtained with the same method under the same conditions and in a short time interval. Quantitatively, the repeatability is the minimum value that exceeds, with a specified probability, the absolute value of the di ¨ erence between two successive readings obtained under the specified conditions. Precise （精密度）： Precision is the quality that characterizes the capability of a measuring instrument of giving the same reading when repetitively measuring the same quantity under the same prescribed conditions (environmental, operator, etc.),without regard for the coincidence or discrepancy between the result and the true value. Precision implies an agreement between successive readings and a high number of significant figures in the result. Therefore, it is a necessary but not sufficient condition for accuracy. Sensitivity （灵敏度） : The slope of the calibration curve, whether it is constant or not along the measurement range