2022届高三英语一轮语法知识梳理之动词不定式.docxVIP

2022年高考英语语法知识点讲解-动词不定式 动词不定式 一、动词不定式的形式 一、动词不定式的形式 1.肯定式 2.否定式：not to do sth.或never to do sth. Take care not to break it.小心别把它打破了。 You were silly not to have locked your car.你没锁车太傻了。 Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.进去时不要出声，以免把宝宝吵醒。 go in quietly in order not to wake the baby. He has made it a rule never to cast his net more than three times a day. 他习惯于每天撒网不超过三次。 动词不定式 二、动词不定式的特征 二、动词不定式的特征 1.如果构成不定式的动词是及物动词，必须有宾语 He wants to study Japanese.他想学习日语。（Japanese作to study的宾语） The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。（the other car作to see的宾语） 2.动词不定式可以被状语修饰 It continued to rain heavily.雨继续下得很大。（heavily修饰to rain） He left Harvard to work for a company. 他离开了哈佛大学去了一家公司工作。（for a company作to work的状语） 动词不定式 三、动词不定式的句法作用 三、动词不定式的句法作用 1.作主语 （1）不定式在句子中可以作主语，谓语动词用单数。 To study hard is necessary.努力学习是有必要的。 To get up early is a good habit.早起是个好习惯。 （2）不定式作主语的句子变被动语态时，必须用形式主语。 It was decided to set up a new football club in our school. 已经决定在我们学校建立一个新的足球俱乐部。 It is wanted to make big money by most people.许多人都想挣大钱。 （3）形式主语：常用it来作形式主语，代替不定式或不定式短语。 It is+名词+to do sth.做……是…… It is+形容词+to do sth.做……是…… It is+形容词+for sb.to do sth.对某人来说，做……是…… It is+形容词+of sb.to do sth.某人做…… 是…… It’s like sb.to do sth.像某人做某事的风格 It seems/appears+形容词+to do sth.做……看起来…… It takes sb.some time to do sth.做……花了某人多少时间 It’s up to sb.to do sth.由……决定 It is our duty to serve the people. 为人民服务是我们的责任。（真正主语to serve ...） It is not easy to learn a foreign language. 学会一门外语是不容易的。（真正主语to learn ...） It is difficult to do the job.做那项工作很困难。（真正主语to do ...） It’s very necessary for us to practise listening and speaking. 我们很有必要练习听和说。（真正主语for us to practice ...） It is so nice of you to come to see me. 你来看我太好了。（真正主语of you to come ...） It’s like him to leave the work to others.（真正主语to leave ...） 他就是这样的一个人，总是把工作推给别人。 It seems good to have a drink now. 现在喝点什么倒还不错。（真正主语to have ...） It took more than 100，000 slaves twenty years to build the Great Pyramid. 十万多个奴隶花了20年的时间建成了那座大金字塔。（真正主语to build ...） It is up to parents t