讲义教程讲稿8.angiology.pptx

Angiology;Composition ;The Cardiovascular System;Blood circulation; 2.The pulmonary (lesser) circulation right ventricle pulmonary trunk right and left pulmonary Arteries pulmonary capillaries(in lungs) pulmonary veins left atrium;Heart;Position Lies within the pericardium in middle mediastinum Behind the body of sternum and coastal cartilages 2 to 6 In front of thoracic vertebrae 5 to 8 A third of it lies to the right of median plan and 2/3 to the left;Surface markings of heart ;External morphology;External characteristics－a hollow muscular organ, pyramidal in shape , somewhat larger than a closed fist; consists of four chambers (right and left atria, right and left ventricles) Cardiac apex is formed by left ventricle and is directed downwards and forwards to the left. It lies at the level of the fifth left intercostal space, 1~2cm medial to the left midclavicular line (9cm from the midline) Cardiac base is formed by the left atrium and to a small extent by the right atrium. It faces backward, upward and to the right ;;;;Chambers;Chambers of the heart;Crista terminalis vertical ridge that from superior vena cave to inferior vena cave Sulcus terminalis －groove on exterior of heart that corresponds to crista terminalis Two parts－separated externally by sulcus terminalis and internally by the crista terminalis Atrium proper and Right auricle;Orifice of coronary sinus Lies posterior to the ridge Smooth walls Fossa ovalis －an oval depression, a remnant of the fetal foramen ovale, on the lower part of interatrial septum, the most common location of atrial septal defects (ASD) Limbus fossae ovalis– prominent margin of fossa ovalis ;Right ventricle (RV);Inflow tract－rough walls Trabeculae carneae －irregularly arranged bundles of myocardium Septomarginal trabecula －extends from interventricular septum to base of anterior papillary muscle, contains right bundle branch Papillary muscles－conical-shaped , anterior, posterior and septal Out flow