计算机概念分析和总结.pdf

Chapter 1 Digital electronics useelectronic circuits to represent data Computer Basics Input is whatever is typed, submitted, or transmitted to a computer system Output is the result produced by a computer Memory is an area of a computer thattemporarily holds data waiting to be processed, stored, or output Storage is the area where data can be left on apermanent basis when it is not immediately needed for processing Data refers to the symbols that represent facts, objects, and ideas A file is a named collectionof data that exists on a storage medium The series of instructions that tells a computer how to carry out processing tasks is referred to as acomputer program Personal Computers, Servers, Mainframes,and Supercomputers Server: It can refer to computer hardware, to a specific type of software, or to a combination of hardware and software. The purpose of a server is to serve computers on a network by supplying them with data. Mainframe Computer: A mainframe computer is a large and expensive computer capable of simultaneously processing data for hundreds or thousands of users. Supercomputer: It is one of the fastest computers in the world. Microcontrollers Microcontroller: A microcontroller is a special-purpose microprocessor that is built into the machine it controls. Sometimes called a computer-on-a-chip. Microprocessor: An integrated circuit (IC) that contains the circuitry for processing data. It is a single –chip version of the central processing unit (CPU) found in all computers. Chapter 2 Desktop and Portable Computers A desktop computerfits on a desk and runson power from an electrical wall outlet A portable computer is a small, lightweightpersonal computer A notebook computer (also referred to as alaptop), is a small, lightweight portable computer that opens like a clamshell to reveal a screen and keyboard A tablet computer is a portable computing device featuring a touch-sensitive screen that can be