课件构词学习.ppt

4. Basic Methods of Word Formation;4.1 Affixation/derivation;4.1.1 Classification of prefixes;4.1.1.1. Negative prefixes not, without ,opposite to, the converse of (n. a. );4.1.1.2. Reversative/privative prefixesreversing the action (v.), depriving of;4.1.1.3. Pejorative prefixesbadly, wrongly, false, imitation;4.1.1.4. Prefixes of degree or size;4.1.1.5. Prefixes of attitude;4.1.1.6. locative prefixes;4.1.1.7. Prefixes of time and order;4.1.1.8. Number prefixes ;4.1.1.9. Conversion prefixes; prefixes;Before verbs to form predicative adjectives or adverbs;Before nouns and adjectives to form transitive verbs befriend (to behave as a friend to) becloud (to cover with clouds使遮暗, 蒙蔽) benumb (To make numb, especially by cold;To make inactive; dull:使失去知觉：使失去活力；使迟钝 belittle becalm (To make calm or still; soothe.使平静：成为安静的或静止的；使镇静) With nouns plus –ed to yield adjectives bespectacled( Wearing eyeglasses) Benighted(Overtaken by night or darkness陷入黑暗;Being in a state of moral or intellectual darkness; unenlightened.蒙昧的：处于道德或智力的愚昧状态的；未启蒙的) ;en-( em before p,b,m);4.1.1.10. Miscellaneous prefixes ;4. 1.2 Suffixation ;4.1.2.1 Noun suffixes;De-nominal Noun suffixes n. → n. a new concrete noun ;a new abstract noun;De-verbal noun v.→ n.action, process, state, result, condition;De-adjective noun a.→ n.state, condition, quality;Noun adjective suffixes;4.1.2.2 Verb suffixes;4.1.2.3 Adjective Suffixes De-nominal adjective suffixes;Adjective Suffixes De-verbal adjective suffixes;4.1.2.4. Adverb Suffixes ;4.2 Compounding复合法;421 Characteristics of compounds;Phonetic features;Semantic features single meaning without modification by the foregoing adjective;Grammatical features;Orthographical features;422. Formation of Compounds;Adjectives n/a+ing: law-abiding, good-looking, easy-going, nit-picking n/a+ed: short-sighted, lion-hearted勇, far-fetched, man-made verbs Conversion (n→v): nickname, first-name, honeymoon, moonlight Backformation (n→v): proof-reader → proof-read