AVR直流电机控制系统硬件设计.doc

AVR直流电机控制系统硬件设计 摘 要 近年来，电机调速系统在工业自动化、生产过程控制、测控仪表等领域的应用越来越深入和广泛。ATmega16是基于增强的AVR RISC结构的低功耗8位CMOS微控制器。由于其先进的指令集以及单时钟周期指令执行时间，ATmega16 的数据吞吐率高达1 MIPS/MHz，从而可以减缓系统在功耗和处理速度之间的矛盾。主要由ATmega16为核心设计由LMD18200驱动芯片，采用232通讯协议的串行通信控制电路构成的直流电机PWM调速控制系统。系统主要完成由上位机和ATmega16控制直流电机的起动，停止和加减速等功能。文章详细介绍了本调速控制系统的工作原理、PWM驱动接口电路和K1010光电耦合器，LMD18200驱动电路，串行通信控制电路相应的软件设计。软件通过ICCAVR编写，然后用AVRStudio进行仿真并将编译通过的程序代码下载到ATmega16之中对系统进行控制。 关键词：ATmega16；直流电机；PWM；LMD18200 Abstract In recent years, the SCM application which used in the field of industrial automation, production process becomes more and more deepen and extensive.ATmega16 is a microcontroller buildup on AVR RISC configuration which is a low consume microcontroller of 8-bit CMOS.The data of ATmega16 have a high dispatcher which can reach 1MIPS/MHz for advanced instruction volum and the instruction of single clock cycle,so it can relaxed the conflict between consume and dispose speed.This design show us that a PWM speed system of DC-motor using ATmega16 is introduced in this paper. This paper elaborates on the system principle,optical Encoder, LMD18200 driving system, High Reliability Photo CouplerK1010,the DC-motor PWM digital control system,and system serial communication agreement of 232 communication. The system is mainly completed the start, stop and acceleration and decelerationn functions by which the master PC and ATmega16 control the DC motor. The article described in detail the speed control systems working principle, the PWM drive interface circuit and K1010 Optocoupler,LMD18200 drive circuit, the relative software design of the serial communication control circuit.The software is programmed through ICCAVR, then simulated by AVRStudio and the compiled code is downloaded to ATmega16 to control the system. Key words: ATmega16; DC-motor; PWM;LMD18200 目 录 TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u 1 绪论 1 1.1 课题的背景及意义 1 1.2 直流电机的发展 2 1.3 本设计完成的工作 2 2 AVR单片机简介 3 2.1 单片机系统概述 3 2.2 ATmega16功能概述 3 2.3 ATmega16单片机 5 2.3.