2022届高考英语二轮复习：定语从句（1）（素材）.docx

定语从句 LOREM 一、定义：在句中起定语作用，用于修饰某一名词或代词，或修饰整个主句的从句，叫做定语从句。 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词。（定语从句通常跟在先行词之后，由关系词引出） Eg: The girl who is singing is my younger sister. 先行词 引导词（关系代词） 二、定语从句的引导词（关系代词/关系副词）： 1、引导词的作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在从句中充当一定的成分（主语 宾语、定语和状语等） 2、引导词的用法 关系代词： 关系副词： 3、注意事项： ■若介词(of/for/with/about/in/on....)放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或that；指代物时用which，不能用that。 eg: ①The girl with who/that you talked is my elder sister.(x) ②The girl with whom you talked is my elder sister. (√) ③The room in that we spent a night is very comfortable.(x) ④The room in which we spent a night is very comfortable. (√) ■”介词+关系代词“前可有some, any, both, all, neither, none, most, each, few等词。 eg: I love my grandparents deeply, both of whom are very kind to me. 定语从句的分类（限制性定语从句/非限制性定语从句） 限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约的作用，说明先行词的性质、特征、身份和状况等，使该词的含义更加具体明确。因此，限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意不完整。 Eg: A doctor is a person who cures patients. This is the book which I borrowed from my friend yesterday. ■注意事项： 关系代词一般只用that的情况 ①若先行词是anything, something, nothing, everything, all, few, little, none, some, every, any, no, much, each等不定代词时，关系代词一般只用that。（但something, everything和anything,后面偶尔也用which ; 若是指代人的不定代词或指示代词如one, anyone, no one, all, nobody, anybody, none, those时，先行词用who, 不用that） eg: Thats all (that) I could do at that time. ②当先行词前面有who,which时，只用that。 eg: Who is the man that is standing there? ③当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰的时候，只能用that。 eg:This is the best film that I have seen. ④当先行词被very,only修饰时，只能用that。(若先行词指代人，偶尔也会用who) Eg: This is the very teddy bear that I want to buy. ⑤当先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that。 Eg: The first place that they visited in China was Beijing. ⑥当先行词中既有人，也有物时，只能用that。 Eg: The writer and his works that you told me about are admired by us all. 2、非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句与只是对先行词做一些附加说明，不起限定制约的作用。若将非限制定语从句省去，主句的意义依然完整。 Eg:She didn’t pass the exam, which disappointed her mother. 3、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 名称 意义 结构要求 功能 引导词 限制性定语从句 对被修饰的先行词有限定制约的作用，指特定的人或者事，不能被省略，否则句意不完整。 紧跟先行词，同先行词间一般不加逗号。 修饰先行词 关系代词、关系副词或that(作宾语时可省