动词的时态和语态总结.docx

2022年-2023年 2022年-2023年 动词的时态和语态总结 I.动词的时态： 动词的时态一共有 16 种，以ask 为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下： II. 动词的被动语态： 常用被动语态 构成 常用被动语态 构成 1 一般现在时 am/is/are asked 6 过去进行时 was/were being asked 2 一般过去时 was/were asked 7 现在完成时 have/has been asked 3 一般将来时 shall/will be asked 8 过去完成时 had been asked 4 过去将来时 should/would be asked 9 将来完成时 will/would have been asked 5 现在进行时 am/is/are being asked 1 0 含有情态动词的 can/must/may be asked It is believed that… It is generally considered that… It is said that… It is well known that… It must be pointed out that… It is supposed that… It is reported that… It must be admitted that… It is hoped that… 下面主动形式常表示被动意义：如： The window wants/needs/requires repairing. The book is worth reading twice. The door won’t shut. / The play won’t act. The clothes washes well. / The book sells well. The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold. 下面词或短语没有被动态： leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart 等等 非谓语动词 I.非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成： II. 做宾语的非谓语动词比较： 情况 只接不定式做宾语的动词 只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语 意义基本相同 两 常用动词 hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, consider can’t help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为） need, want, require（接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式） 者 意义相反都 可 以 stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事 remember/forget/regret to do（指动作尚未发生） go on to do（接着做另外一件事） remember/forget/regret doing（指动作已经发生） go on doing（接着做同一件事） 意义不同 try to do（设法，努力