2016年46级阅读理解真题.doc

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2016年46级阅读理解真题.doc

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2016年46级阅读理解真题 2016年46级阅读理解真题 2016年46级阅读理解真题 2016年四级 Passageone Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage. AsArtificialIntelligence(AI)becomesincreasinglysophisticated, therearegrowingconcernsthatrobotscouldbecomeathreat.Thisdangercanbeavoided,accordingtocomputerscienceprofessorStuartRussell, ifwefigureouthowtoturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode. Russellarguesthatasrobotstakeonmorecomplicatedtasks,itsnecessarytotranslateourmoralsintoAIlanguage. ’ Forexample,ifarobotdoeschoresaroundthehouse,youwouldn ’ twantittoputthepetcatintheoventomakedinnerforthehungry children.“Youwouldwantthatrobotpreloadedwithagoodsetofvalues, ” saidRussell. Somerobotsarealreadyprogrammedwithbasichumanvalues.For example,mobilerobotshavebeenprogrammedtokeepacomfortabledistance fromhumans.Obviouslythereareculturaldifferences,butifyouwere talkingtoanotherpersonandtheycameupcloseinyourpersonalspace, youwouldn’tthinkthat’sthekindofthingaproperlybrought-uppersonwoulddo. Itwillbepossibletocreatemoresophisticatedmoralmachines,ifonlywecanfindawaytosetouthumanvaluesasclearrules. Robotscouldalsolearnvaluesfromdrawingpatternsfromlargesetsofdataonhumanbehavior.Theyaredangerousonlyifprogrammersarecareless. Thebiggestconcernwithrobotsgoingagainsthumanvaluesisthat humanbeingsfailtososufficienttestingandthey’veproducedasystemthatwillbreaksomekindoftaboo（禁忌）. Onesimplecheckwouldbetoprogramarobottocheckthecorrectcourseofactionwithahumanwhenpresentedwithanunusualsituation. Iftherobotisunsurewhetherananimalissuitableforthemicrowave, ithastheopportunitytostop,sendoutbeeps(嘟嘟声),andaskfor directionsfromahuman.Ifwehumansaren’tquitesureaboutadecision,wegoandasksomebodyelse. Themostdifficultstepinprogrammingvalueswillbedecidingexactly whatwebelieveinmoral,andhowtocreateasetofethicalrules.Butifwecomeupwithananswer,robotscouldbegoodforhumanity. 46.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthethreatofrobots A)Itmayconstituteachallengetocomputerprogranmers. B)Itaccompaniesallmachineryinvolvinghightechnology. C)Itcanbeavoidedifhuma