20世纪现代主义和后现代主义文学.ppt

20世纪现代主义和后现代主义文学;“整个社会不过是一具腐烂的尸体”——波德莱尔;20世纪上半期西方世界重大事件;独裁专政;The Berlin Wall was constructed in 1961 to keep East Germans from fleeing their Communist state. For 28 years the wall symbolized tensions between the Soviet bloc and the West until it was torn down in 1989. This photo shows soldiers standing guard over bricklayers building the wall, top left, Germans wielding tools to dismantle the wall in 1989, top right, children playing among the ruins, bottom left, and a graffiti-covered gun tower standing in the rubble, bottom right.;核武器;现代工业;;多元、分裂、平面、破碎、孤独;“他清醒了，已变成了另外一个人，就像在幽邃的母腹中度过了妊娠期的新生婴儿。一切都生气勃勃，光耀夺目，像早晨一样清新。一切都重新开始了，就像破晓时分，狂喜和朝气充满了人间。她跟他一起静静地坐着，似乎有同样的感受。” —《虹》 Lawrence, David Herbert (1885-1930), English novelist and poet, ranked among the most influential and controversial literary figures of the 20th century. In his more than 40 books he celebrated his vision of the natural, whole human being, opposing the artificiality of modern industrial society with its dehumanization of life and love. The most significant of his early fiction, Sons and Lovers (1913), which was in large part autobiographical, deals with life in a mining town. The Rainbow (1915) and Women in Love (1921)—perhaps his best novels—explore with outspoken candor the sexual and psychological relationships of men and women. His most notorious novel, Lady Chatterleys Lover (1928), deals with the sexually fulfilling love affair between a member of the nobility and her husbands gamekeeper. His novels however, were misunderstood and attacked and even suppressed because of their frank treatment of sexual matters.;In this poem Eliot ponders the spiritual vacuum of contemporary society, describing what he sees as a spiritual death among the living. For this and other works, such as The Hollow Men (1925), and especially the long poem The Waste Land (1922), an erudite work that expresses vividly his conception of the sterility of modern society in contrast with societie