构词法04 构词法-高考英语备考艺体生百日冲刺(原卷版+解析版).docx

专题4 构词法 名词 题型 高考真题 命题解读 语法填空 (2019全国三卷66) They let us know of an interesting competition(compete)to watch, together with the story behind it. (2019全国二卷70)It’s wonderful(wonder). (2019全国三卷68)They also shared us with many traditional(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were hugely(huge) popular with tourists. (2018全国一卷69)Running is cheap, easy and it’s always energetic(energy). (2017全国一卷69)However, be careful(care) not to go to extremes. 给出名词，填写形容词； 给出形容词，填写副词或名词； 给出动词，填写名词或形容词。 短文改错 (2019全国二卷)One was that I was amazing→ amazed at the fact that a sick person could… (2019全国一卷) I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly→ hard back to the playground. (2018全国三卷) Immediate→ Immediately, I raised my hand. (2017全国一卷) It was a relief and I came to a suddenly→ sudden stop just in the middle of the road. (2017全国二卷)In their spare time, they are interesting→interested in planting vegetables in their garden, which is on the rooftop of their house. 形容词和副词的错用； 以“-ed”与“-ing”结尾的形容词的错用； 形容词和名词的错用。 构词法与语法填空 构词法与短文改错 动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词后一般接名词或动名词，如果所给单词是其他词类，就要将其改为名词，并注意名词数的变化； 动词、介词后一般接名词或动名词，如果所给单词为动词，就要看该动词是否有名词形式，如果有名词形式，就用其名词形式；如果该动词没有名词形式，就用其动名词； 动词前后、形容词前后可有副词。如果所需词为副词时，还要考虑副词比较级的变化； 在名词前作定语，在系动词后作表语，以及作主语或宾语的补足语时，通常要用形容词。如果所需词为形容词时，还要考虑形容词比较级的变化。 注意形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法，这也是高考短文改错题的常考点； 过去分词和动词ing形式在句子中的错误。 必备知识梳理 考点一形容词变副词： 变化形式 例词 一般情况加“ly” quick—quickly; fluent—fluently; stupid—stupidly 少数以“-e”结尾的形容词，要去掉“e”再加“ly”；绝大多数辅音字母加 “e”结尾的形容词直接加“ly” true—truly; polite—politely; wide—widely; wise—wisely; nice— nicely 以“y”结尾的，读音若为/i/，先将 “y”变成“i”，再加“ly”；但若读音为/ai/，则直接加“ly” happy— happily; heavy—heavily; angry— angrily; busy—busily; dry—dryly; shy— shyly 以“-ic”结尾的词，加 “-ally” economic—economically; basic—basically (public-publicly除外) 以辅音字母加“-le”结尾时，去e加y；以元音字母加“-le”结尾时，直接加“-ly” simple—simply; terrible—terribly; gentle—gently; possible—possibly; sole-solely(whole-wholly除外) 考点二形容词变名词的后缀： 后缀 例词 -age short—shortage不足;短缺 -cy efficient t—efficiency效率;功效 fluent —fluency流利;流畅 accurate t—accur