构词法优秀课件.ppt

;Word-formation; ; ; ; ;派生法;派生(Derivation) 概念： 由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词. 派生词可分为： Ⅰ后缀派生词 Ⅱ前缀派生词 ;Ⅰ后缀派生词;常见后缀(suffixes) 1.名词后缀 2.形容词后缀 3.副词后缀 4.动词后缀 5.数词后缀;一、名词后缀 1、表示人或器具（一般为可数名词） (1) -er: announcer, composer (2) -or : advisor, competitor (3) -ist: botanist, geologist specialist (4) -ee: employee, interviewee (5) -ian: librarian, technician ;(6) -an: African, Russian (7) -ese: Chinese, Japanese (8) -ess: princess, waitress (9) -ant: accountant, applicant attendant (10) -er: (工具)container, speaker喇叭, washer洗衣机/洗碗机, cooker 厨具 ;2、由形容词构成名词表示性质或状态（一般为不可数名词） (1) -ness: loneliness, weakness, (2)-ship: championship, scholarship (3)-y: certainty, fluency, honesty, (4)-ty: cruelty, safety (5)-ity: responsibility, security;(6)-th: faith, warmth, (7)-dom: kingdom, wisdom, (8)-sm: enthusiasm, nationalism, (9)-ance: importance, romance (10)-ence: intelligence, violence, (11)-ery: bravery, slavery, (12)-th: length, strength, warmth, ;3、由动词构成名词表示动作、过程或结果（一般为不可数名词） (1)-(t)ion: construction, devotion, participation, reception, (2)-ation: expectation, formation, publication, relaxation, ;(3) (去y为i加a(c)tion): occupation, qualification, satisfaction, (4)-(s)ion: admission, confusion, explosion, (5)-ing: housing, wedding, misunderstanding, (6)-ure: departure, failure, ;(7)-ment: achievement,, amusement, argument, disagreement, judgment, (8)-al: refusal, proposal, survival, (9)-age: carriage, heritage, (10)-ance: attendance, guidance, ignorance, ;(11)-ence: correspondence, independence, reference, (12)-y: apology, injury, (13)-ef: belief, disbelief, relief, (14)-sis: analysis, basis, emphasis ;4、由名词构成名词表示身份、时代、 资格或职位（一般为不可数名词） (1)-hood: boyhood, neighborhood, (2)-ship: citizenship, kingship, professorship, 5、由名词或形容词构成名词表示主义（一般为不可数名词） -ism: Marxism, socialism, patriotism ; explain →explanation pronounce →pronunciation repeat→ repetition ;二、形容词后缀 1、由名词构成形容词表示“具有性质”或“与有关” (1)-ful: stressful, wonderful (2)-ous: mountainous, mysterious, (3)-ly: tim