第十四章managing team 团队管理.ppt

The first such critical period is in the forming stage, at the first meeting, when rules, norms, and roles are established that set long-lasting precedents. 在形成阶段，第一个重要时期是在第一次会议上，当规则、规范和角色建立以形成长期约定时。 A second critical period is the midway point between the initial meeting and a deadline.第二个重要时期是在中间阶段。 A developmental sequence: from group to team发展步骤：从群体到团队 A useful developmental sequence is depicted in Figure 14.2.( page 447) 一个有用的发展步骤如图14.2所示 第五节：Building effective teams建立有效的团队 Team effectiveness is defined by three criteria. 团队的有效性由三个标准来定义。 First,the productive output of the team meets or exceeds the standards of quantity and quality; the team’s output is acceptable to those customers, inside or outside the organization, who receive the team’s products or services. 第一，团队的产出要达到或超过质量和数量标准；团队的产品要被接受团队的产品或服务的组织内外的顾客所接受。 Second, team members realize satisfaction of their personal needs. 第二，团队成员实现了他们个人需要的满足。 Third, team members remain committed to working together again. 第三，团队成员乐于再次一起工作。 A performance focus以绩效为主 The best teams are ones that have been given an important performance challenge by management, and then come to a common understanding and appreciation of their purpose.最好的团队是那些被管理部门给予重要的、挑战性的任务，然后对他们的目标达成一致的理解和正确评价的团队。 The best teams also work hard at developing a common understanding of how they will work together to achieve their purpose. 最好的团队也在他们怎样一起工作以达到目标上取得一致。 The team’s general purpose should be translated into specific, measurable performance goals. 团队的一般目标应该是具体的、可测量的绩效目标。 2 Motivating teamwork激励合作 Social loafing Working less hard and being less productive when in a group. 社会虚度：在群体中个人工作不努力。生产力下降。 Social facilitation effect Working harder when in a group than when working alone. 社会促进效应：个人在群体中工作比单独工作更努力。 A social facilitation effect is maintained, and a social loafing effect can be avoided, when there is a culture that supports teamwork. 当存在一个支持合作的文化时，社会促进效应就会维持，社会虚度效应能够避免。 Accountability to one another, rather than just to