燃煤电厂SCR脱硝工艺的设计.doc

燃煤电厂SCR脱硝工艺的设计 PAGE PAGE III 摘 要 我国是能源生产与消费的大国，一次能源供应以煤炭为主，石油、天然气资源短缺。然而我国污染物排放总量长期居高不下，远远超过环境自净能力。其中，氮氧化物的污染不断加剧，特别是北京、上海、广州等一些大城市，氮氧化物含量超标。 SCR工艺与其它工艺相比，具有较高的NOX脱除率（80%以上），将燃煤电厂烟气排放NOX控制在较低的浓度，以满足不断更新的更加严格的排放标准。而且该工艺无副产物，不形成二次污染，装置结构简单，运营可靠，便于维护。 本设计针对电厂燃煤锅炉产生烟气的排放要求和一些工程实例，对SCR系统的工艺结构进行了设计计算，并对催化剂及辅助设备进行了选型。 关键词：氮氧化物，SCR工艺，催化剂，结构设计 Abstract Our country is the energy production and the expense great nation, an energy supply by the coal, the petroleum, and the natural gas resource is primarily short. Therefore our country pollutant discharge total quantity stays at a high level for a long time, goes far beyond the environment automatic depuration ability. The nitrogen oxide pollution intensifies unceasingly, nitrogen oxide content exceeding the allowed figure specially Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other some big cities. The SCR craft compares with other crafts, has the high NOX removing rate (above 80%), will burn coal the power plant haze to discharge the NOX control in the low density, and satisfies the stricter emission standard which renews unceasingly. Moreover this craft does not have the by-product, does not form secondary pollution, the installment structure is simple, the operation is reliable, is advantageous for the maintenance. This design has the haze nature and the emissions request in view of the power plant coal-fired boiler, has carried on the design calculation to the SCR system equipments structure, and carries on the shaping to the catalyst and the supporting facility. Key words：Nitrogen oxide, SCR process, catalyst, structural design 目 录 TOC \o 1-3 \u 摘 要 I Abstract II 第一章 前 言 1 1.1 综述 1 1.1.1 选题背景 1 1.1.2 研究意义 1 1.2 NOx的特性、来源和危害 2 1.2.1 NOx的特性 2 1.2.2 NOx的来源 2 1.2.3 NOx的危害 3 1.2.4 燃煤电站NOX的产生 5 1.3 环保政策法规 5 1.4 NOX污染的治理 6 1.4.1 我国燃煤NOx排放现状 6 1.4.2 常规处理 6 1.4.3 燃烧后控制 8 1.5 SCR脱硝工艺 11 1.5.1 SCR基本原理 11 1.5.2 典型SCR系统组成 13 1.5.3 SCR工艺流程 13 1.5.4 SCR工艺系统布置分类 14 1.6 催化剂 16 1.7 还原剂原料 19 1.7.1液氨 19 1.7.