英语词汇学知识点整理.docx

词汇期末复习（C1-C7） Chapter 1 Chapter 1 一、Word 词的定义 a minimal free form（最小的自由形式） a sound unity a semantic unity（meaning） a form that can function alone in a sentence.（具有句法功能） 二、 二、Vocabulary 词汇的定义 All the words in a language make up what is generally known as vocabulary. 一般来说，词汇指的是一种语言里所有单词的总和。 三、SoundMeaning 三、SoundMeaning 发音和意义 The connection between the sound (form) and meaning is arbitrary (任意的) and conventional. 四、Sound Form 四、Sound Form 发音和形式 The written form of a natural language is the orthographical （正字的） record of the oral form. 自然语言的书写形式是口语形式的书写记录。 The reasons of differences occur between sound and form: 发音与形式不同的原因： ① English alphabet was adopted from the Romans 英语字母表来自罗马 ② the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years. 发音改变快 速 ③ Differences created by professional scribes. 专业抄写员的不同 ④ More differences brought by the continuing change of sounds and the standardization of spelling.发音不断变化，书写标准化。 ⑤ borrowing : words were borrowed from other languages such as Latin, Greek, French, etc.外来词 五、 五、Classification of Words 词的分类 ① Basic Words The basic vocabulary has the following characteristics: 基本词汇特点： 1. All national character 全民性 (indispensable to all the people who speak the language). 2. Stability 稳定性 （relatively stable or unchanged） 3. Productivity 多产性 （form new words in combination with other roots and affixes ) 4. Polysemy 多义性 5. Collocability 搭配性 ② Non-basic Words Non-basic vocabulary: terminology, jargon, slang, argot, dialectal words, archaisms, neologisms. 非基本词包含：专业术语、行话、俚语、黑话、方言、古语、新词。 ① Content Words/Full words/National words： They denote clear notions. 能够表达清楚的含义 ② Functional words/Empty words/Form words： They show the relation between notions. 显示了与概念之间的关系 ① Native Words： Anglo-Saxon words brought by the Germanic tribes such as Angles, Saxons and the Jutes. ② Borrowed Words： loan words or borrowings. English has adopted almost all the major languages in the world. It includes Denizens 同化词 Aliens 非同化词 Translatio