《英语语法教程》主要章节语法术语.docx

Words Words 词 -- 《新编英语语法教程》主要章节语法术语 Int rod uc t i o n: Gram ma t i ca l H ierar c hy (导论—语法层 次1)Morpheme 词素 Free morpheme Bound morpheme Allomorph 自由词素 粘附词素 词素变体 2. P ar t s o f speech (w o rd c lass) Simple words Derivatives Compounds 简单词 派生词 复合词 *(1) Classification in terms of word formation N Noun Verb Adjective Adverb Preposition Pronoun Determiner Conjunction Auxiliary Intermediate class (中间词类) * (2) Classification in terms of grammatical function Closed-class words (function words) 封闭词类(功能词) Open-class words (content words) 开放词类(实义词) Numerals Interjection Noun phrase Verb phrase 3. Ph ra s es Adjective phrase 词组 Adverb phrase Preposition phrase Conjunction (1) Independent clause Subordinate clause 独立分句和从属分句 (2) Simple clause Complex clause (*complex sentence) 4. Clau se 简单分句和复杂分句(*复杂句) 分句 (3) Main clause Subordinate clause 主句和从句 (4) Finite clause，non-finite clause and Verbless clause 限定分句、非限定分句、无动词分句 (1) Full sentence Minor sentence 完全句和不完全句 5 . S en t e n c(e2) Simple sentence, Compound sentence, Complex sentence Compound complex sentence 简单句、并列句、复杂句、并列复杂句 (3) Declarative sentence, imp-rative sentence, interrogative sentence, exclamatory sentence -- -- 句子 Lecture 1 ? Sentence Structure(L1) Sentence eleme n ts: A ( A dv e r bial)状语S (subje c V (p r edi cate A ( A dv e r bial) 状语 t) rb) ect) 补足语 主语 谓语动词 宾语 1. Two way s of s e n tence a na l ys i s 1) SVO Se nt en c e Clause NPObj ec t NP Obj ec t Subj e ct P r ed i cate ve r b Al l the man have done t hei r best. Senten c e ＝ Subjec t + Pred i c a t e (Pr edicate Verb ＋ Object ， C o mpl e m e nt, Ad v erbi a l， et c . ) 句子由主语和谓语构成，进一步把谓语剖析为谓语动词、宾语、补语、状语等。 2) Subject ＋ Predi c a te ( ＝ o per a to r ＋ pred ica t ion) S e n tence P redic a P redic a te Ope r ator hav e Su bje ct All t he m a nP r e di c ati o