全球变暖影响睡眠质量（英）.pptxVIP

;;Prior research investigating the influence of ambient tempera- ture on sleep in adults has been largely restricted to short controlled laboratory studies or imprecise self-report surveys. Humans and other mammals have developed both neurophysi- ological and behavioral processes to coordinate rhythms of ther- moregulation and sleep, presumably to conserve energy expen- diture.33 In humans, the maximal rate of core body cooling is strongly correlated with sleep onset, and sleep propensity peaks near the minimum of the core body temperature rhythm.34,35 Preceding sleep onset, increased blood flow to the distal skin and extremities enables cooling of the core body temperature.36 Both skin and core body temperatures become more sensitive to environmental temperature during sleep, and duration of wake- fulness has been shown to increase when temperatures warm or cool outside of the thermoneutral zone—the range of ambient temperatures where the body can maintain its core temperature only through regulating dry heat loss (skin blood flow)—albeit un- der controlled conditions that constrain human adaptation.37 Far less is known about the influence of outdoor ambient tem- peratures and meteorological conditions on adult sleep in real- world settings.12 Evidence from self-report studies indicates that the prevalence of reported sleep deficiencies increases in warm weather.11,13,38,39 The largest of these studies pooled data in the United States from nationally representative health surveys and found that higher monthly nighttime temperature anomalies increased self-reported nights of insufficient sleep during the previous month. However, retrospective self-reported sleep outcomes are notoriously imprecise, unreliable, and have been shown to have questionable internal validity.40,41 Thus, it remains an open question whether, and to what extent, ambient thermal and weather conditions might affect objective repeated measures of individual sleep dura