英语词汇学总结复习.pdf

英语词汇学总结复习资料 大家请注意：笔记中大多数是以名词解释的形式出现的，这些是绝对的根底，应该一字不漏的背 下来。其实不少简答题也就是几个定义的汇总，再加上个例子就可以拿总分值了。区分两个词的区别，主 要还是指明其各自的定义。 第一章 Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary 1. 词的定义 Word —— A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a give sound and meaning and syntactic function. 2. 声音与意义的关系 There is no logical relationship betwee sound and meaning as the symbolic co ectio betwee them is arbitrary and conventional. E.g. “woman 〞 means ’Frau’ in German ， ’Femme’ in French and ’Funv ’in Chinese. On the other hand ， the same sound /rait/ ca mea right ， rite and write， though denoting different things ， yet have the same sound. 3.读音与拼写不一致的原因 The difference betwee sound and form result from 4 major factors. 〔At least 80%of the English words fit consistent spelling patterns 〕 a 〕. the internal reason is English alphabet does not have a separate letter to represent each sound in the language. b 〕. Pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling c 〕. Influence of the work of scribes/printing freezes the spelling of words in 1500 d 〕. Borrowing of foreign language 4. 词 汇 的 含 义 Vocabulary —— Vocabulary is most commonly used to refer to the sum total of all the words of a language. It can also refer to all the words of a given dialect， a given book，a given displine and all the words possessed by an individual person as well as all the words current in a particular period of time in history. The general estimate of the present day English vocabulary is over 1 million words. 5. 词汇的分类的原