马来西亚的汽车工业.pdf

Chapter 3 The Automotive Industry in Malaysia Makoto Anazawa May 2021 This chapter should be cited as Anazawa, M. (2021), ‘The Automotive Industry in Malaysia’ , IN SCHRÖDER, M., F. IWASAKI AND H. KOBAYASHI (EDS.) Promotion of Electromobility in ASEAN: States, Carmakers, and International Production Networks. ERIA Research Project Report FY2021 no.03, Jakarta: ERIA, pp.61-86. CHAPTER 3 THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY IN MALAYSIA Makoto Anazawa Introduction Malaysia’s national car project was planned since the early 1980s. It was a unique project compared to those in other developing countries, including the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Member States. The project was to develop the automotive industry with a focus on national cars. However, there have been large changes in the circumstances of the automotive industry from the 1980s until present, such that the automotive industry in Malaysia currently standing at a crossroads. We will review the development and present state of the automotive industry in Malaysia, followed by a description of the national car projects, mainly Proton and Perodua. In the third section, we will refer to industrial policies and the National Automotive Policies (NAP). The final section concludes. 1. The Automotive Industry in Malaysia 1.1. Brief history of the automotive industry in Malaysia After Malaysia gained its independence in 1957, European companies started completely knocked down (CKD) automobile production in the 1960s. Japanese companies entered the market during the latter half of the same decade. All of them were joint ventures with local companies, and the automotive industry was developed as an import-substituting industry. However, due to the small do