定语从句讲义.docxVIP

Grammar: Relative Clause 定语从句 什么是定语从句？ a boy in red 一个穿着红衣服的男孩 定语从句：修饰【先行词】a boya boy who is playing football 一个正在踢足球的男孩子 定语从句：修饰【先行词】a boy 为什么要用定语从句？ 当修饰部分可以构成一个句子时，就要用一个【关系词】来取独，使它从属于主句，成为定语从句。 什么是先行词？关系词？ 关系词：代替先行词，有承上启下取独的作用先行词：总是在修饰部分的前方e.g. I was reading a book 关系词： 代替先行词，有承上启下取独的作用 先行词： 总是在修饰部分的前方 关系词有哪些： 关系代词：who, which, whose, whom(宾格), that 关系副词：when, where, why, ★where= in which why= for which when= on which whose= of which e.g. I was born in Changzhou where there is a Dinosaur Park. =in which there is… I want to go to Iceland whose weather is very cold. =of which the weather… Mr. Liu is the person whom you talked about. 关系词的用法： who 指人，一般在从句中做主语 e.g. The boys who are playing football is from Class one. The man who is smoking is the murderer. whom 指人，一般在从句中做宾语，有时可省略 The man (whom) you met just now is my friend. I told that to your boss _who_ (who/whom) is having a meeting. 关系代词which指物，在从句中做主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略，作主语时不可省 关系代词 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. I like the book (which is) bought by my mother. I like the plan (which) he put forward. that可指人或物，指人时等于“who, whom”，指物时等于“which” The people who/that come to visit this city are all here. Where is the man (whom/that) I saw yesterday? 可省不？ whose可指人，也可指物 He is the man whose car was stolen yesterday. This is our classroom whose wall was broken. whose 可以和of which互换 This is our classroom of which the wall was broken. where指地点，也可指一定程度、位置、阶段 我已经到达了一种超然若神的地步： 关系副词I have arrived at a point where 关系副词 我被提升到了一个需要大量经验的岗位： I was promoted to a position where plenty of __experience__ is needed. 冰岛是一个人口很少的国家： Iceland is a country where there are little people. =whose population is very small. when指时间 我非常盼望有球赛的周六： I was looking forward to Saturday when there will be a match. why指原因 Please give me a reason why you’re late. which和that的区别 that 和which在一般情况都可以用于代替表示事物意义的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语。但在下列情况下一般只用that而不用which ： 先行词是all , everything , something , nothing , anything等不定代词Anything t