美国硬币分析和总结.docx

硬币 美国流通硬币共有1 分、5 分、10 分、25 分、半元、1 元 6 种面额， 美国历史上曾有6 位著名总统的头像分别出现在这6 种面额的硬币上。1 美分图案是美国历史上广为人知的林肯总统侧面头像，是林肯诞辰 100 周年（1909 年）开始发行的；5 美分图案是为纪念美国第三任总统，即美国《独立宣言》起草人杰斐逊离任回归故居130 周年 （1938 年）发行的；10 美分图案是实施“罗斯福新政”的罗斯福总 统逝世一周年（1946 年）时发行的；25 美分是美国最常见的辅币， 是美国开国总统华盛顿诞辰 200 周年时（1932 年）发行的；50 美分硬币原为美国自由女神像，目前所常见的是美国历史上最年轻的总统肯尼迪的头像，1963 年，肯尼迪不幸遇刺身亡，为了纪念他，美国于 1964 年起改用肯尼迪头像作50 美分的图案；1 美元硬币有两种图案，一种是1961 年发行的采用艾森豪威尔总统头像图案，由于此币外径太大（直径38.1 毫米，俗称大美金1 元），流通使用很不方便， 因此，于 1981 年起重新发行小美金1 元（直径为26.5 毫米，比半美元外径还小些），图案换成美国女权运动活动家苏珊·安东尼的头像。1999 年11 月18 日在费城造币厂首发了金黄色的美元1 元硬币(昵称金色元golden dollar) 图像为印第安妇女“萨卡加韦”(Sacagawea) 背负襁褓中的幼子“巴蒂斯特”(Jean Baptiste)。为了表彰美国原著民妇女及她们对美国的贡献。 The colloquialism buck (much like the British term quid) is often used to refer to dollars of various nations, including the U.S. dollar. This term, dating to the 18th century, may have originated with the colonial fur trade. Greenbackis another nickname originally applied specifically to the 19th century Demand Note dollars created by Abraham Lincoln to finance the costs of the Civil War for the North. The original note was printed in black and green on the back side. It is still used to refer to the U.S. dollar (but not to the dollars of other countries), other well known names of the dollar as a whole in denominations include greenmail, green, and Dead Presidents, (the last one due to the nature of late presidents being the most represented on the bills). Grand, sometimes shortened to simply G, is a common term for the amount of $1,000. The suffix k (from kilo-) is also commonly used to denote this amount (such as $10k to mean $10,000). In street slang, when someone refers to a denomination large, they are usually referring to any amount of $1,000, such as fifty large, meaning $50,000. Banknotes nicknames are the same as their values (such as five, twenty, etc.) The $5 bill has been referred to as a fin or a fiver or a five-spot; the $10 bill as a sawbuck, a ten-spot, or a Hamilton; the $20 bill as a double sawbuck, or a Jackson