2022考研复试口语特训讲义-翻译.docx

22 22 考研复试口语特训讲义 PAGE PAGE 1 2022 考研复试口语特训讲义 复试口语翻译 一、英译汉 词汇：专有名词（国名、人名、大洲、大洋名） 国：Vietnam 越南Jordan 约旦Afghanistan 阿富汗Burma 缅甸 ※ 音译 ：人名、地名、少量机构 Beethoven Darwin Plato Sapir Boas Greenland Queensland York New York Amazon ※ 直译 ：节日、大多机构、作品、专业术语 Halloween Day WHO （World Health Organization） NBA Social Science Rocktown Mr. Beans Tiger Woods ※ 意译 ：文化历史地名、作品（电影艺术）、俗语 China Seoul Chinatown “1900” “Gone with the wind” “After Shock” “The Better Times” Love apple Blind date 音译为主，直译为辅，很少意译。 词汇： 一词多性 Education pays. 回报 I second you. 挺 一词多义熟词僻义 Believe; belief 认为； 观点 study 研究 同义多词 home ※ home prices 房价 ※ home and abroad 国内 ※ home of shopping 天堂 ※ be at home 自在 ※ be at home with translation 擅长 语法 I came yesterday. I loved you before. This is a beautiful girl. I give you a book. You make me smile. 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 词汇解决策略：四小微观技巧 词义的选择（上下文） elegant skin 好皮肤elegant system 好体系 deal with challenge 应对挑战 deal with adults 与成年人交流/打交道 词序的调整(副词常放在动词/形容词前, 时间优先) I really love the girl very much. ※ Perhaps never before ※ 2 million tons a year in 1953 词性的转化(名词及少量形容词若有动作含义，则转化为动词) We are great readers. We are good swimmers. My campus life is filled with tears, laughter, sadness, happiness and depression. The study of history The emphasis on the theory The pursuit of happiness 词义的增减(抽象变具体) 增：Hot Dry Noodles are must in Wuhan. Find solutions Make preparations Top concern Ease tension 减：In 1997 介词 A dog is a loyal animal. 冠词 I am happy. 系动词 I run/ go/ get/ become/am mad. 语序：四大宏观技巧 被动语态 标志：done (by sth./sb.) I am loved . 你爱我The woman was killed. I saw a window broken by the boy. The window is broken. 方法： 增加主动：主语提前；增加虚指主语：人们；我们；大家；有人 减掉被：（物做主语，动作发出者非人） 换：得到；受到；遭到；为...所；加以；得以 定语和定语从句翻译 标志：n + doing.../ to do.../ done.../adj.../prep... A boy running to me The homework to finish The window broken by Tom The way useful for you The girl in blue/ of the class 方法：还原至中心语前 定语从句标志： n+ that/wh- 地点/阶段 + where 时间 + when 原因 + why 方法： 则直接顺译，需重复先行词 I love my mother who is beautiful. I love my mother who is a t