毒、热、辣：Nanodisc配合冷冻电镜提升膜蛋白的分辨率.docx

毒、热、辣：Nanodisc配合冷冻电镜提升膜蛋白的分辨率 Toxic, hot, and spicy: Nanodiscs improve membrane protein resolution in cryo-EM(作者：Cube Biotech) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??Nanodisc结合冷冻电镜应用时 ，Nanodisc提升了通过冷冻电镜对膜蛋白的解析率，同时表现了功能性磷脂所扮演的重要角色。??The last few years have seen a tremendous increase in high-resolution protein structures solved by cryo electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Novel electron detecting cameras and sophisticated analysis software have expanded the capacity of cryo-EM to smaller and asymmetric proteins (1). As a true competitor to X-ray crystallography, cryo-EM is particularly interesting for hard-to-crystallize targets such as membrane proteins. 在过去的几年里，使用冷冻电子显微镜（冷冻电镜）对蛋白结构高分辨率结构解析的应用有着很大地增长。新型的电子探测相机和复杂的分析软件使冷冻电镜的应用延伸到更小和不对称的蛋白结构解析（1）。作为X射线晶体法的真正强势的替代方法，冷冻电镜能把如膜蛋白等难以结晶的蛋白作为应用目标，并引起了各界广泛的兴趣。?The importance of sample preparation methods for high-resolution cryo-EM data cannot be underestimated. Two recent Nature publications have shown that nanodiscs are not only excellent tools for membrane protein stabilization, but that they can also improve resolution, in particular of the transmembrane region, and enable analysis of interacting phospholipids.在应用的过程中，样品制备方法对得到高分辨率冷冻电镜数据的重要性是不可低估的。从最近的两篇发表到Nature的文章来看，Nanodisc不仅是膜蛋白稳定的优良工具，而且它也可以提高在电镜解析的分辨率，特别是膜蛋白的跨膜部分，同时能实现磷脂相互作用的分析。?Toxic: Near-atomic detail of a bacterial Tc toxin membrane insertion (2).?Stefan Raunsers team at the Max-Planck Institute in Dortmund, Germany unveiled the mechanism used by bacterial Tc toxin as it enters the cell. Besides the high medical relevance of this project - Tc toxins include anthrax, plague, and scarlet-like fever toxins - the conformational changes these toxins undergo are simply fascinating. Secreted by bacteria as soluble proteins, toxins fold into channels that perforate the host membrane by a putative entropic spring mechanism. In previous attempts with detergent-solubilized protein, it was not possible to resolve the transmembrane region of the toxin. Now, using nanod