中考英语语法突破 代词的概念及应用 .docx

PAGE 1 PAGE 1 知识图谱 代词的分类和应用 知识精讲 一、代词的定义： 代词是代替名词或一句话的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。高中阶段，，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用，代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词七种。 二、代词种类 1 人称代词 主格 I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they 宾格 me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them 2 物主代词 形容词性 my, your, his, her, its, our, their 名词性 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs 3 反身代词 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 4 指示代词 this, that, these, those, such, some 5 疑问代词 who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever 6 关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 7 不定代词 one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either 三、人称代词、物主代词及反身代词对应关系表 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们 主格 I you he she it we you they 宾格 me you him her it us you them 形容性 物主代词 my your his her its our your their 名词性 物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves 注意：反身代词和某些动词连有，构成固定短语。 enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood 反身代词还可用于某些成语中。 for oneself为自己或独立地，of oneself自然地，自动地 by oneself独自地，in oneself本身性质，beside oneself喜怒哀愁至极 如： This problem gets a chapter to itself. 这个问题占了一章（独有）。 Just between ourselves, I don’t think much of him. 私下地说我并不怎么看重他。 They were discussing about it among themselves.（相互共同） Left to himself he began to write. 别人走后只留下他，他写了起来。 I’m very angry with myself. 生自己的气。 四、指示代词 指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词，表示“这个/些”“那个/些”。常用的指示代词有this，that，these，those。 1. this/these指代下文要提到的事，that/those指代上文提到过的事。如： Please remember this：Where there is a will，there is a way. 请记住：有志者，事竟成。 He was busy. That was why he didnt go to the cinema with us. 他很忙。那就是他没有和我们一起去看电影的原因。 2. 打电话时用this介绍自己，用that介绍对方。如： This is Mary speaking. Whos that? 我是玛丽。你是谁？ 五、代词it的其他特殊用法： 1. 指代婴儿或不明身份的人。 如： Someone is knocking at the door. Can you guess who it is? 有人在敲门。你能猜到是谁吗？ 2. 指代时间、天气、季节、距离等。如： Its raining heavily. 雨下得正大。 How far is it from your home to school? 你家离学校