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英语语法知识难点(一)
(一) 形容词和副词
要点
形容词
1、 形容词的用法
形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的,通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补,有时还可作状语。如:
He is honest and hardworking. I found the book interesting.
某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式。如:
The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city. The English like to be with their families.
多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序:
冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态(描述性)+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如:
the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.
2、 形容词比较等级的形式
规则形式
一般说来,单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er; --est 来构成比较级和最高级;其他双音节词及多音节词在前加 more, most.如:
great-greater-greatest busy-busier-busiest
important-more important-(the)most important
不 规 则 形 式 good (well)-better-best bad (ill)-worse-worst many (much)-more-most little-less-least
形容词比较等级的用法
①表示两者的比较,用形容词的比较级+than. 如:
He is cleverer than the other boys.
This one is more beautiful than that one.
②表示两者以上的比较,用the +形容词最高级(+名词)+of(in) …如: He is the cleverest boy in his class.
③表示两者是同等程度,用as +形容词原级+as. 如:
He is as tall as I.
I have as many books as you.
④ 越… 越…
例如:The more I learn, the happier I am.
⑤ You can never be too careful. 越小心越好
又如:You can never praise the teacher too highly.
你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。
⑥ I have never spent a more worrying day.
那一天是最令我担心的一天。 I have never had a better dinner. 这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。
⑦ My English is no better than yours.
我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。
副词
1、 副词的种类
时间副词 如:ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow 等
地点副词 如:here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside 等。
方式副词 如:carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously 等。
程度副词 如:almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very 等。
2、 副词比较等级的用法
其用法与形容词相似,只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如:
Of all the boys he sings (the) most beautifully. We must work harder.
3、 某些副词在用法上的区别
already, yet, still
already 表示某事物已经发生,主要用于肯定句;yet 表示期待某事发生,主要用于否定句和疑问句;still 表示某事还在进行,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,有时也可用于否定句。如:
Weve already watched that film.
I havent finished my homework yet.
He still works until late every night.
too, as well, also, either
too, as well 和 also 用于肯定句和疑问句,too 和 as well 多用于口语,一般放在句末,
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