理查德·蔡斯：运作管理——供应链管理的视角（精要版第3版）Chap004a.pptVIP

Instructor Slides McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright ? 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. * 1- Instructor Slides Instructor Slides * 1- Instructor Slides Instructor Slides Instructor Slides McGraw-Hill/Irwin Instructor Slides 4a-* Instructor Slides * 3- Instructor Slides Instructor Slides Instructor Slides Learning Curves Chapter 4a Learning Curves A learning curve is a line that displays the relationship between unit production and cumulative number of units produced One way of learning is “learning by doing” As plants produce more, they gain experience in the best production methods, which reduces their costs in a predictable manner This is observed as a decline in production costs (by a specific percentage) each time cumulative production doubles Learning rates are unique and depend upon the nature of the process Learning Curves Graphed on a logarithmic scale, the learning curve is a straight line Learning Curve Assumptions Learning Curves Learning curves can be developed from an arithmetic tabulation, by logarithms, or some other curve-fitting technique The improved performance can be thought of in two ways Time per unit – shows the decrease in time required for each successive unit Output per time period – increase in number of units produced over a fixed time period Learning Curves A 90% learning curve implies that each time cumulative production doubles the cost per unit is reduced by 10% Differences in learning curves can have dramatic effects over time! Learning Curves A logarithmic plot allows linear extrapolation and more accurate interpretation Excel: Learning Curve Calculations Learning Curves – Logarithmic Analysis The relationship between total number of units produced and learning can be expressed mathematically Learning Curves – Logarithmic Analysis Example For an 80% learning curve, if the first unit required 100,000 hours, how many hours will the eight unit require? Excel: Learning Curves Learning Curve Tables When the