斯蒂芬·P·罗宾斯-管理学原理（英文版·第7版）robbins_fom7_ch09.pptVIP

The forming stage has two phases. The first occurs as people join the group. In a formal group, people join because of some work assignment. Once they’ve joined, the second phase begins: defining the group’s purpose, structure, and leadership. The storming stage is appropriately named because of the intragroup conflict. There’s conflict over who will control the group and what the group needs to be doing. * The norming stage is one in which close relationships develop and the group becomes cohesive. There’s now a strong sense of group identity and camaraderie. The fourth stage is performing. The group structure is in place and accepted by group members. Their energies have moved from getting to know and understand each other to working on the group’s task. * The final stage is adjourning. In this stage, the group prepares to disband. Attention is focused on wrapping up activities instead of task performance * Research shows that groups develop through five stages.3 As shown in Exhibit 9-2, these five stages are: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. * A role refers to behavior patterns expected of someone who occupies a given position in a social unit. Individuals play multiple roles, , adjusting their roles to the group to which they belong at the time. All groups have established norms, acceptable standards that are shared by the group’s members. Norms dictate output levels, absenteeism rates, promptness or tardiness, the amount of socializing allowed on the job, and so on. * Status is a prestige grading, position, or rank within a group. As far back as scientists have been able to trace human groupings, they’ve found status hierarchies: tribal chiefs and their followers, nobles and peasants, the haves and the have-nots. Status systems are important factors in understanding behavior * The size of a group affects that group’s behavior. However, that effect depends on what criteria you’re looking at. The evidence indicates, for instance, th