英语专业语言学历年真题试卷汇编1-真题-无答案.docxVIP

英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编1 (总分50,考试时间90分钟) 1. 名词解释 1. Sociolect(中山大学2000年；南开大学2003年研) 2. Linguistic variable(北外2011研) 3. prototype 4. conceptual metonymy 5. iconicity 6. grammaticalization 7. Interlanguage（上海交大2005研) 8. Universal Grammar(西安交大2008研) 9. contrastive analysis(浙江大学2004研) 10. Error Analysis（中山大学2011研) 11. applied linguistics (武汉大学2006研) 12. the audiolingual method of language teaching 13. the direct method of language teaching 2. 简答题 1. Linguistics is not the only field concerned with language. Other disciplines such as sociology, psychology, ethnography are also preoccupied with language.(中山大学2008研) 2. There are two kinds of grammar based on different linguistic points of view. They are prescriptive grammar and descriptive grammar. A grammar may describe how language is actually spoken and/or written, and may not state or postulate how it ought to be spoken or written. But a grammar may also state the rules for what is considered the best or most correct usage. Which grammar is descriptive grammar, and which grammar is prescriptive grammar? Cite some examples to give your reasons.(北师大2003研) 3. Saussure puts forward the concept of langue and parole, and Chomsky puts forward the concept of competence and performance. Please dwell upon the differences and similarities, if any, of the two pairs; langue and parole petence and performance.(北京交通大学2007研) 4. Examine the following two statements about language, and discuss the similarities and differences between them.Do you agree with the two statements? Explain your answer.Sapir(1921: Language):Language is a purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas,emotions and desires by means of voluntarily produced symbols. Bloch and Trager(1942; Outline of Linguistic Analysis): A language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols by means of which a social group co-operates. 5. It is widely known that animals have their own ways of communicating with each other. For example , bees can dance **plicated dances and