英语二学历语言学.pptx

会计学1 2023/1/192ContentsI. Definition of Language;II. Defining Features of Language;III. Language: Unique to Humans;IV. Two Languages in One Brain; V. Language Acquisition:VI. Functions of Language;VII. Origin of Language;第1页/共67页 2023/1/193语言是一套人类用来交际的有序的任意有声符号系统。I. Definition of Language1.1 Understanding of Language:1.2 Definition of Language: ~~~ is a well-organized system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.第2页/共67页 2023/1/1941.1 Understanding of Language1.1.1 Langue vs. Parole;1.1.2 Linguistic Competence vs. Linguistics Performance.第3页/共67页 2023/1/1951.1.1 Langue vs. ParoleIt is proposed by Saussure to distinguish the two senses of the word “LANGUAGE”;Langue refers to the collective language system shared by a community of speakers;Parole refers to the concrete utterances produced by individual speakers in actual situations;The distinction directs the way for later linguistic research.第4页/共67页 2023/1/1961.1.2 Linguistic Competence vs. Linguistics PerformanceIt is proposed by Chomsky, the American linguist;Linguistic competence means a native speaker’s linguistic knowledge of his language; Competence is the perfect knowledge of an ideal speaker-listener of the language in a homogeneous speech community.linguistic knowledge is separated from sociocultural features 第5页/共67页 2023/1/197Linguistic performance is the actual use of one’s linguistic competence in different situations;An example to show that is the slips of the tongue. Also called speech error, it is an involuntary and inadvertent deviation from an intended utterance that often results in ungrammaticality, nonsense words, or anomaly, etc. （口误）第6页/共67页 2023/1/198Term citations Performance VS. competence:Chomsky (1965) in Aspects of the Theory of Syntax.Linguistic theory is concerned primarily with an ideal speaker-listener, in a completely homogeneous speech community, who knows its language perfectly and is unaffected by such grammatically irrelevant conditions as memory lim