智能信息处理与量子计算(共6单元)01Quantum-Intelligence-Computing.pptxVIP

《智能信息处理与量子计算》第1讲Quantum Intelligence Computing青椒小助手2017年9月29日，中国一颗名为“墨子号”的卫星使维也纳和北京这两个相隔半个地球的城市之间的视频会议成为可能。当它以每小时18,000英里(29,000公里)的速度划过夜空时，卫星向位于兴隆的一个地面站发射了一个小数据包。不到一个小时后，卫星经过奥地利，将另一个数据包发送到格拉茨市附近的一个站。这些包是保护数据传输安全的加密密钥，而且是量子密钥。世界上第一个量子加密的洲际视频链接。 量子信息学，是量子力学与信息科学相结合的产物，是以量子力学的态叠加原理为基础，研究信息处理的一门新兴前沿科学 量子信息学包括量子密码术、量子通信、量子计算机等几个方面 In?/wiki/Physicsphysics?and?/wiki/Computer_sciencecomputer science,?quantum information?is /wiki/Physical_informationphysical information?that is held in the?/wiki/Quantum_statestate?of a /wiki/Quantum_systemquantum system. Quantum information is the basic entity that is studied in the burgeoning field of?quantum information theory, and manipulated using the engineering techniques of?/wiki/Quantum_information_processingquantum information processing. Much like classical information can be processed with?digital computers,?transmitted?from place to place, manipulated with?/wiki/Algorithmalgorithms, and analyzed with the?/wiki/Mathematicsmathematics?of computer science, so also analogous concepts apply to quantum information. ‘I think I can safely say that no one understands quantum physics’ said by Richard Phillips Feynman,the pioneer of quantum computing,the winner of Nobel Prize in Physics,，美国著名物理物学家理查德·费曼在一个公开的演讲中提出利用量子体系实现通用计算的新奇想法——如果用量子系统所构成的计算机来模拟量子现象则运算时间可大幅度减少，从而量子计算机的概念诞生了。123OutlineWhy Quantum Computers ?How Quantum Computers would Work ?Quantum Intelligence ComputingWhy Quantum Computer Integer prime factorization21 = 3 × 7221 = ?221 = 13 × 1711021 = ?11021 = 103 × 107Several μsWhy Quantum Computer Large prime factorization232 digits number (768 bits) ?1230186684530117755130494958384962720772853569595334792197322452151726400507263657518745202199786469389956474942774063845925192557326303453731548268507917026122142913461670429214311602221240479274737794080665351419597459856902143413= 33478071698956898786044169848212690817704794983713768568912431388982883793878002287614711652531743087737814467999489 × 36746043666799590428