《外科学总论》课件-外总麻醉五年制1.ppt

ANESTHESIOLOGY麻 醉  区域麻醉疼痛与体外循环概述、麻醉前评估全身麻醉 概 述麻醉定义历史麻醉学范畴未来发展 定义麻醉 anesthesia 感觉丧失，即指应用药物或其他方法来消除手术时的疼痛。 历 史Before anesthesia, surgery was like medieval torture Drawings of dental surgery from Turkish medical manuscripts showing operation on awake-restrained patient Drawings of ophthalmic surgery--- an artist impression showing operation on awake- cooperative patient (modern drawings) Compression AnesthesiaThe Edwin Smith Papyrus describes 48 surgical cases done between 3000 and 2500 B.C. Although there is no specific mentioning of anesthesia, within the Papyrus there is evidence of compression anesthesia. The ancient Chinese reported the use of an anesthetic for surgery in the 2nd century B.C. Anesthesia History in Chinese Traditional MedicineHua Tuo (145-208) is a famous physician of the Han Dynasty. He is known for the early Qi Gong exerciseHis name is always mentioned in relation to surgery, as he was considered the first surgeon of China. He was the first surgeon to perform a laparotomy in Chinese medical history. To release pain for his patients, he formulated an anesthetic mixture, Ma Fei San or boiled anesthetic powder preparation, which was used to provide general anesthesia. It was not until 1,600 years later, at the beginning of the 19th century that Europeans began to use general anesthesia in surgery. mandragora 1596 Li Shi zhen in the Compendium of Materia Medica（《本草纲目》）described the role of anesthesia Datura flowers（曼陀罗花） Acupuncture（针灸） is an important method of pain treatment in China since ancient times Artist impression on how “anesthetic sponge” (inhalational anesthesia) was used by surgeon in Arabic-Islamic medicine. Alcohol, when drunk in sufficient quantities, was noted to render individuals insensible.. 现代麻醉史1846年，Morton首次成功使用乙醚麻醉，被视为近代麻醉学的开端16 “Gentlemen, this is no humbug.” Local anaesthesia originated with the use of topical ophthalmic cocaine in Vienna in 1884(by Koller)Coca Koller 现代麻醉学范畴疼痛治疗Pain