土壤生态学课件.pptxVIP

 土壤微生物及生态功能;生物圈和生态系统的概念;;土壤微生物的主要功能;土壤微生物的主要类群;土壤微生物群体的组成;病毒(Viruses);土壤微生物群体的组成;细菌(Bacteria);古细菌(Archaea);Acinetobacter sp.;土壤微生物群体的组成;土壤微生物群体的组成;属名 ;属 ;土壤微生物群体的组成;真菌(Fungi);原生动物(Protozoa);藻类(Algae);生物分类;生态系统的重要功能 ;; ;Summary of aerobic and aerobic transformations of carbon;微生物在碳素循环中的作用;微生物在氮素循环中的作用;Nitrogen Cycle/Recycle;Nitrogen Cycle;Biogeochemical Cycles: Nitrogen;The Global Nitrogen Cycles;氮素的矿化作用和生物固定作用;NH4+可能的去向;影响生态系统土壤氮矿化的因素;影响生态系统土壤氮矿化的因素;影响生态系统土壤氮矿化的因素;硝化作用;硝化作用过程;硝化作用的微生物学;影响硝化作用的因素;硝酸还原作用;反硝化作用;反硝化作用过程;能进行反硝化作用的细菌属;影响反硝化作用速率的因素;生物固氮作用;微生物在磷转化中的作用;The Phosphorus Cycle:;;;Redox cycle for Sulfur;Sulfur Recycle;Aerobic and anaerobic sulfur transformations;The global sulfur cycle;Ecology of Sulfate-Reducing Communities;Biogeochemical cycles: iron;Pyrite oxidation;Role of iron-oxidizing bacteria in the oxidation of the mineral pyrite;Soil Enzymes;;Enzyme;土壤中酶的来源;酶的类型;土壤酶的存在状态;Location of Enzymes in Soils;土壤酶及其催化的生化反应;土壤酶及其催化的生化反应;土壤酶及其催化的生化反应; Carbon mineralization: b-Glucosidase catalyzes the final limiting step of cellulose degradation;Selected enzyme reactions;Amino acid mineralization in soils(begins by the release of amino acids from organic matter);L-Leucine b-naphthylamide (Substrate for assay);L-Asparaginase activity;L-Aspartase activity;L-Glutaminase activity;Amidase activity;b-Glucosiminidase Activity in Soils;Urease activity; Phosphorus mineralization ; Sulfur mineralization ;;;Limiting Nutrients;The Nitrogen Cycle;Nitrogen Fixation;N-fixation : requires low oxygen, high light low nitrate;New and Regenerated Production;Energetics and carbon flow in microbial metabolism;Important points from last lecture Chemolithotrophic bacteria and archaea oxidize reduced inorganic compounds to obtain energy. Many reduced inorganic compounds can be used by microbes, each specializing on a compound or class of compounds. Chemolithotrophs often live at interfaces between the aerobic and anaerobic worlds. Chemolithotrophs use CO2 via the Calvin-Ben