马克·凯什岚斯基-西方文明史（第五版）第四章 The Transformations of the Classical World.pptxVIP

CHAPTER 4THE TRASFORMATION OF THE CLASSICAL WORLD 192-500I. Crisis of the third centuryII. The triumph of ChristianityIII. Hellenization of the East ANCIENT ROMESpanning over a thousand years, ancient Rome was a civilization of constant evolution. This great empire flourished through innovation and incorporation of the diverse cultures they conquered, such as the adoption of Latin and gladiatorial combat. Learn about the rise and fall of this ancient civilization and how its influence still endures today. This chapter follows the profound political and social transformations that turned both the Roman Empire and its barbarian neighbors into radically new societies with different political, religious, and social organizations. By the sixth century, the eastern half of the empire had become profoundly hellenized, while the western half had disintegrated into numerous Romano-barbarian kingdoms without losing its close identity with Rome. questionsIs equality of power the pre-condition for cultural integration of the East and the West civilizations? What is the special condition for culture to expand? Carot and stick? Force and culture must go side by side?Or culture should serve as the means of “drying up the swamp” policy? I. Crisis of the third centuryThe rise of the militaryEmpire on defensiveThe barbarian menaceThe lure of Roman culture radical transformationsSuch contrasts of paganism and Christianity, barbarity and Roman culture, were integral parts of a new Roman world, one that was characterized by radical transformations of Roman and barbarian culture that took place in the two centuries following the death of Marcus Aurelius in 180. Accelerating this process of change and transformation was the combination of events that are collectively referred to as the crisis of the third century. Crisis of Roman EmpireFrom the reign of Septimius Severus (193–211) to the time of Diocletian (284–305), both internal and external challenges shook the Roman Empire. The empi