科技英语的翻译——14-科技英语常见语法错误.doc

科技英语常见语法错误 违反一致性原则 主要是指英语的主谓语、代词及其先行词在性、数以及一些主从复合句在时态上的不一致等。 主语与谓语不一致 [例句] Much have recently been done in the researches on the superconductors. （much为不可数名词，后应跟单形动词has） [译文] 近来在超导体研究方面做了大量工作。 [例句] The professor as well as his students are working overtime. (are应改为is) [译文] 教授和他的学生都在加班工作。 注：as well as 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词要与第一个名词或代词的人称和数保持一致，类似的词还有along/together with, accompanied by, combined with, rather than等。 [例句] This is one of the books on mobile communication that has been published by the publishing house. （has应改为 have） [译文] 这是该出版社已出版的移动通信专著之一。 注：在one of + 复数名词＋定语从句 这种结构中，从句谓语动词要用复数形式。 [例句] After the key problem had been overcome, the rest was easily solved. （the rest是集合名词，表示复数概念，应用复数形式were）　 [译文] 关键问题攻克之后，其余问题就迎刃而解了。 (2) 代词与其先行词不一致 [例句] If one can build the chip big enough or fast enough, then it seemingly does not matter if you use inefficient algorithms. （应将you use改为he uses，或者将one改为you） [译文] 若有人能设计出容量足够大或者速度足够快的芯片，那么人们采用效率低的酸法似乎并没有什么关系。 [例句] These kind of studies was not started until the new experimental equipment was put to use. （指示代词与其所修饰的名词不一致，应改为These kinds of studies were 或This kind of study） [译文] 这类研究直到新的实验设备投入使用后才开始进行。 (3) 时态与时间不一致 [例句] As is known to all, mobile communication began its development since 1980. （应将since改为in） [译文] 众所周知，移动通信的研制始于1980年。 用词不当　包括的范围较广，如及物动词与非及物动词混淆，固定搭配不当，非限定动词使用不当等，词性误用等。 [例句] The video signal causes the brightness of the spot to vary in proportion with the intensity of light in the original image. (in proportion to是固定搭配，将with改做to) [译文] 视频信号使光点的亮度变化与原图象中光的强度成正比。　　 [例句] The experimental equipment needs being repaired. (want, deserve, require, worth等后面的动名词虽然表示被动的意思，但却要用其主动形式，改为 needs repairing)) [译文] 实验设备需要维修。 [例句] Because the capacity of a communications path is dependent on the bandwidth of the path, so bandwidth is a very important ingredient in data communications.（去掉Because或so） [译文] 带宽是数据通信中很重要的部分，因为信道容量取决于它。 注：由于中英文表达方式的不同，汉语中的“因为…所以…”，“虽然…但是…”等在英语中仅用一个从属连词即可。 句子成分残缺　句子缺少某些必不可少的成分，最常见的是缺少主衙或谓语。 [例句] As an exa