非谓语动词讲解及练习分词.docx

非谓语动词讲解及练习：分词（The participl）e 表语、补语和状语。一、分词的形式 现在分词 现在分词 Vt. (write) Vi. (go) 主动语态 被动语态 主动语态一般式 完成式 Eg.) He hurried home, (look) behind at times. (tell) many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. (not get) well prepared, they decided to put off the meeting. (never operate) a computer, he met with a lot of difficulties. 过去分词---一般表示完成的和被动的动作,只有一种形式, 即：动词的过去分词 3.否定形式---not +分词二、分词的句法功能： 作表语： 现在分词作表语：一般表示主动或主语的性质和特征, “令人……”的意思, 主语多数情况是 sth. 过去分词作表语： 一般表示被动或说明主语情感心理上的感受, “感到……的”,主语多数情况是 sb. exciting, excited annoying, annoyed amazing, amazed amusing, amused astonishing, astonished boring, bored confusing, confused disappointing, disappointed encouraging, encouraged embarrassing, embarrassed frightening, frightened; inspiring, inspired eg.) 1.The result was (surprising, surprised) They were (surprising, surprised) at the news. 作定语： (单词前置, 分词短语后置；修饰代词时后置) 现在分词表示正在实行的动作;过去分词表示已经完成的动作。 boiling water, boiled water; developing country, developed country; falling leaves, fallen leaves rising sun, risen sun, etc. 表示情感心理的 Vt 的分词可修饰名词,作前置定语。Eg.) He told us the (exciting, excited) news. The (exciting, excited) pupils jumped with joy. 注意： 过度除修饰 sb.以外,还可修饰表示神态、声音等的名词, 说明主语的心理状态。 Eg.) He had a (terrifying, terrified) look in his eyes. The boy answered in a (frightening, frightened) voice. 作定语时的位置 单个分词前置, 分词短语后置, 修饰代词时后置---单个分词作定语时，一般放在它所修饰的名词前; 分词短语作定语时，一般放在它所修饰的名词后 ; 分词在修饰由 some/any/no + thing/body/one 所形成的不定代词或 those 之后 ①单个分词前置 a neighboring town an unexpected guest the exciting news 例外：These plastic bottles used can be recycled. (有时单个的分词放在分词后面,用于强调动作) Do you know the number of books ordered? ②分词短语后置 eg.) I don’t know the doctor (seat) at the back. The goods (import) from abroad yesterday remain in good condition. ③分词修饰由 some/any/no + thing/body/one 所形成的不定代词或 those 时,分词在这些词之后eg.) Those laughing are considered impolite. Anyone swimming will be punished. 作定语时, 要注意分词所表示动作的发生时间： ① 表示正在实行的动作 eg.) Tell the children ( )playing there not to make too much noise. ②