乔纳森·格鲁伯-财政学（第五版）gruber_5e_lecture_slides_ch15.pptxVIP

Copyright ? 2010 Worth Publishers 15Heather Luea and Dan SacksP R E P A R E D B Y15.1 An Overview of Health Care in the United States15.2 How Generous Should Insurance Be to Patients?15.3 How Generous Should Insurance Be to Medical Providers?15.4 ConclusionHealth Insurance I: Health Economics and Private Health Insurance 15Health Improvements and Health SpendingSince 1950:Medical technology has improved dramatically.Mortality from heart attack fell by 70%, infant mortality fell by 80%.Health spending grew from 5% to 17% of GDP.Yet all is not well for the U.S. health care system. There are huge disparities in medical outcomes.The United States is the only major industrialized nation without universal access to health care.The Affordable Care Act attempts to address the gaps in health care in the United States, but many are still without coverage. 15.1Healthcare Spending in the OECD Nations, 2012 In 2012, the United States devoted nearly twice as much of its economy to health care as did Sweden or the United Kingdom. 15.1Distribution of National Health Expenditures in the United States, 2013CategoryShare of SpendingHospital care32%Physician, clinical care20 Prescription drugs9 Nursing home care5 Other personal health care15 Other health spending16 Home health care3Almost a third of the typical health dollar is spent on hospital care and a fifth is spent on physician care. 15.1Americans’ Source of Health Insurance Coverage, 2013People (millions)Private201.1Employment-based169.0Direct purchase34.5Public107.6Medicare49.0Medicaid54.1TRICARE/CHAMPVA14.1Uninsured42.0Nearly two-thirds of insured Americans have private health insurance, largely through employers. Roughly one-sixth of Americans are uninsured. 15.1The United States is a major outlier in international terms when it comes to health care spending.APPLICATION: Finding the Inefficiency in U.S. Healthcare - International Comparison of Indicators of Health System Outcomes 15.1The United States lags behind other co