考研-2021英语二真题.pdf

2021 年考研英语 （二）真题原文及答案解析 （完整版） Section ⅠUseofEnglish Directions: Readthe followingtext.Choosethebestword(s) for eachnumberedblank andmarkA,B, C orD ontheANSWER SHEET.(10points) Its not difficult to set targets for staff . It is much harder, 1 ,to understand their negative consequences. Most work-related behaviors have multiple components. 2 one and the others become distorted. Travel on a London bus and youll 3 see how thisworkswith drivers.Watchpeople get on and show their tickets.Arethey carefully inspected?Never.Dopeople get on without paying? Of course !Are there inspectors to 4 that people have paid? Possibly, but very few.And people who run for the bus? They are 5 .How aboutjumpinglights?Busesdo so almost asfrequently ascyclists. Why? Because thetarget is 6 .People complained that buseswere late and infrequent.7 ,the number ofbuses andbus laneswere increased, and drivers were 8 or punished according to thetimethey took.And drivershit thesetargets.But they 9 hit cyclists.If the target was changed to 10 ,you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing.If the criterion changed to safety,you would get more 11drivers who obeyed traffic laws. But both these criteria would be at the expense of time. There is another 12 : people became immensely inventive in hitting targets. Have you 13 that you can leave on a flight an hour latebut still arrive on time? Tailwinds? Ofcoursenot!Airlineshave simply changedthetime a 14 ismeanttotake.A one-hour fight isnowballad asatwo-hourflight. The 15 of the story is simple. Most jobsaremultidimensional,with multiplecriteria. Chooseonecriterion and you may well 16 others.Everything Can bedonefaster and madecheaper,butthere isa 17 .Settingtargetscan anddoeshaveunfore