基于层次分析法的建筑工程施工项目危险源辨识与控制.pdf

摘 要 目前，我国正处在大规模的经济建设时期，建筑工程施工安全问题受到国家、社会和 企业等各方面关注。自 2019 年 1 月份开始，截止到 7 月 25 日，全国共发生建筑施工安全 事故 300 多起，死亡人数达到 361 人。其中高处坠落事故引起的死亡人数为 167 人，占总 人数的 46.2%；坍塌事故引起的死亡人数为 71 人，占总人数的 19.7%。建筑工程施工行业 是事故多发行业，事故率也逐年提升。为了控制建筑工程施工现场的施工风险，预防和减 少建筑工程施工事故的发生，实现安全作业的目标，本文以某一普通居民楼建设工程项目 为研究对象，通过现场调查和询问交谈等方法对建筑工程项目施工危险源进行辨识，采用 层次分析法对存在的危险源进行定性定量分析，计算出每一危险源可能引发安全事故的权 重，最后采用决策树法针对某一特定情况下的危险源控制措施进行优选，选择最优的控制 措施，以减小危险源引发事故后果的影响。 关键词：建筑施工；危险源辨识；层次分析法；决策树法；控制措施 I Abstract At present, China is in the period of large-scale economic construction, and the construction safety of construction projects is concerned by the state, society and enterprises. Since January 2019, as of July 25, there have been more than 300 construction safety accidents in China, with 361 deaths. Among them, 167 people died in falling accidents, accounting for 46.2% of the total; 71 people died in collapse accidents, accounting for 19.7% of the total. The construction industry is an accident prone industry, and the accident rate is also increasing year by year. In order to control the construction risk of the construction site, prevent and reduce the occurrence of construction accidents, and achieve the goal of safe operation, this paper takes a common residential building construction project as the research object, identifies the construction risk sources of the construction project by means of on-site investigation, inquiry and conversation, and uses the analytic hierarchy process to identify the existing risk sources Quantitative analysis, calculate the weight of each hazard that may cause safety accidents, and finally use decision tree method to optimize the control measures of hazard sources in a specific situation, select the optimal control meas