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ShigellosisBacterial dysentery
Microbial AgentFour species of Shigella:boydiidysenteriae (causes deadly epidemics)flexneri (1/3 of U.S.)sonnei (about 2/3 of U.S.)448,240 cases in U.S. last year for sonnei and flexneri.dysenteriae occurs mostly in Africa and Central AmericaCase fatality rates of 5-15%.
Signs and SymptomsInfectious disease causing diarrhea (bloody), fever, and stomach crampsUsually resolves in 5-7 days.Children and elderly may have diarrhea so severe they need to be hospitalized.A severe infection in a child less than 2 may have seizures.Some show no signs at all, but still pass the Shigella bacteria to others.
DiagnosisMany diseases cause the same symptomsDetermining that Shigella is the cause of the illness depends on laboratoryTests identify if it is Shigella, and what typeStools of an infected person are testedDiarrhea with blood and mucus is a typical symptom of Shigella.
Treatment and PreventionCan usually be treated with antibioticsThere is no vaccine to prevent shigellosisFrequent hand washing can helpFood safety and regular drinking water treatment is best preventionVegetables could be contaminated by crops harvested from a field with sewage, flies bred in infected feces, and food handlers that are not properly washing their hands
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