儿科学课件-孤独症.pptVIP

儿科学课件-孤独症.ppt

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斯蒂芬·威尔特谢尔 畜产学?学者?、畅销作家、和禽畜动物行为顾问 * Autism and Autism spectrum Disorders * described in Nelson textbook 19th edition as Delayed and disordered communication Atypical social interaction Restricted range of interests Onset before 3?yr of age. First described by Leo Kanner in 1943 Auto children are “locked within themselves” Autism/Autistic Disorder * DSM-IV pervasive developmental disorders Autistic Disorder自闭症 Asperger Disorder Rett’s Disorder Childhood Disintegrative Disorder Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified DSM-V Autism Spectrum Disorder Severity level: mild moderate severe * * 2013 1 in 68 1975 1 in 5000 * Epidemiology The male?:?female ratios 4?:?1 for AD 5?:?1 for Aspergers disorder * Etiology Questions more than answers. There are numerous hypothesis假设 Theory of Mind Executive dysfunction Hypothesis of weak central coherence Hypothesis of Mirror neuron dysfunction Theory of picture thinking * Etiology No one cause of autism has been identified Genetic influences are likely most important risk factor But not only cause (MZ twin concordance 100%) Cause is likely multifactorial Physiology and environment are ALWAYS interacting from day 1 May be several types of autism with different causes * Clinical manifestations The core features include impairments损伤 in 3 symptom domains: 社交【核心】 Qualitative impairment in social interaction 语言交流 Qualitative impairments in communication 兴趣狭隘,行为刻板 Restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities * verbal abilities语言能力 vary They can range from being nonverbal to having some speech Speech might have an odd 奇怪的pattern Qualitative impairments in communication * repetitive and stereotyped patterns of interest * Intellectual functioning can vary from mental retardation to superior intellectual functioning in select areas 低智力【多数】; 高智商【20%正常孤独症患者中的

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